Review Of Herman And Chomsky Essay

The ‘Manufacturing Consent’ of media tasks composed and applied by Edward Herman and  Noam Chomsky state  that world class broad communications are joined together and interlocked with other institutional divisions in proprietorship, the executives and groups of friends. In popularity based social orders broad communications assumes a significant job. They react to open concerns and make attention to the state approaches significant occasions and view focuses. The basic standards of vote based system rely on the idea of a sensibly educated electorateâ that reflects  public assessment and react to open concerns Media is an indispensable piece of the general public, media need not be controlled or set to an example they work joined with other sectors.(European Journal of Communication; 2002, pg.147). Herman and Chomsky’s publicity model has been named as ‘conspiracy theory’ due to its decided perspective on media conduct, as indicated by them broad communications are instruments of intensity that prepare support for uncommon interests that rule the state and private movement and broad communications acts as one with different segments, for example the foundation, to build up, implement, strengthen and police corporate authority. (European Journal of Communication 2002, pg148) .  Herman and Chomsky dismiss the ‘conspiracy label’ anyway ‘the Manufacturing Consent’s accentuation is on thought processes of media conduct, comparable to institutional controls.(Herman and Chomsky ;1988,pg 1-35). The model accept that media plans ought to be clarified in auxiliary terms. As indicated by Herman and Chomsky there are five significant ‘filtering’ systems which structure the news content. The creators concede that purposeful publicity model can't give everything about such a mind boggling matter as the working of the national broad communications, the model doesn't expect that correspondents, editors and different laborers are told or commonly constrained to discard a few voices and accentuate others, the model frameworks conditions under which media will be relatively ‘open’ or ‘closed’. As smaller scale investigation isn't the errand of the Propaganda Model, it just gives an outline of the framework at work, appearing well and good out of a confounding picture by evacuating the fundamental standards of the framework, the essential contention in this contextâ is that implications are effectively ‘filtered’ by limitations that are made in the framework. The creators contend that implications are shaped at odd levels, as the choices are comprehended to be common and reasonable, anyway the creators don't suggest that newsroom laborers consistently settle on choices to adjust themselves to the interests of the prevailing elites.(Rai,1995:pg46) Herman and Chomsky compose that all news material experiences five bury related channel limitations. Leaving just purified buildup fit to be printed.(Herman and Chomsky;1988:pg 3-14). The five channel components are: (1) the size, concentrated proprietorship, owner’s riches, and benefit direction of the predominant broad communications; (2) promoting as the essential salary wellspring of the broad communications. (3) the dependence of the media on data gave by government, business, and specialists subsidized and endorsed by the essential sources and operators of intensity. (Martin and Knight 1997,pg 253-254). (4) Opposition as methods for training the media; (5) hostile to socialism as a national religion and control mechanism.(Herman ,refered to in Wintonick and Achbar,1994:pg108). The principal channel limitation stresses that media are firmly interlinked and share basic premiums with other predominant divisions as enterprises, the state, and banks. The predominant media areas are huge firms with enormous organizations; they are constrained by extremely well off individuals or by their administrators who are dependent upon sharp limitations by the proprietors. The subsequent channel stresses that the news creation process is exceptionally impacted by publicizing esteems ,most media must offer markets(readers) to buyers(advertisers).This reliance can legitimately impact media  performance, Chomskyâ comments  that media content mirrors the premiums of the dealers, the purchasers, and the item . Herman battles that the utilization of the first and second channels of theâ publicity model has extraordinarily impacted the economy the interchanges enterprises, and legislative issues experienced emotional changes the two channels ,proprietorship and promoting have gotten significantly increasingly significant. The third channel is the news gathering process, the prevailing world class give official statements, duplicates of talks, periodicals, photographs, and in this way government and corporate sources are alluring to media just for financial reasons. The third channel focuses on that the assessments by corporate and state sources are adjusted to class premium and market power. Herman and Chomsky stress that the idea of the shared connection among media and sources straightforwardly influence the media execution. The amazing can utilize individual connections, dangers, rewards, to impact media. The media under commitments may convey false stories all together not to annoy their cozy relationship with the sources. The fourth channel, fire, implies the express the prevailing social foundation which has force and assets to compel the media to assume a propagandistic job in the public eye Herman and Chomsky disclose that fire alludes to negative reactions to media proclamation, it might include people or autonomous activity, and the creators battle that favored implications are organized by commanding authority sources, along these lines news might be slanted in the ideal heading. The fifth channel, the counter socialism has been supplanted by ‘otherness’ It’s startling individuals, making trepidation, disdain, and discontent stimulated by social and monetary conditions, to keep them from acknowledging whatever is truly happening to them.(Chomsky 1998: pg48).The creators keep up that media shapes popular sentiment by controlling how thoughts are introduced; the five channels check the progression of the news as it goes through its doors and can without much of a stretch confine what can be huge news. Herman and Chomsky express that these five channel imperatives are the basics of promulgation model, the individuals from the force first class attempt to shape the convictions and perspectives and assessments of the individuals through the media, free and open conversations are a piece of the procedure however pioneers use misdirection and savagery to battle people and foundations as the general population doesn't concur with the assessment of the force tip top. The world governmental issues has seen radical changes since the destruction of socialism in the previous Soviet Union as referenced in the Manufacturing Consent. The fifth channel is named ‘the predominant belief system ’through out this book, however,â hostile to â€communismâ has been stressed as the ideological components that are generally significant as far as order and control instruments. The Manufacturing Consent, gives a dubious depiction of the fifth channel its philosophy assists with preparing individuals against a foe it very well may be utilized against any arrangements that undermine property premiums or bolster the socialist states and radicalism, the model presumes that media execution is comprehended as the result of market powers, the prevailing media are profoundly and solidly imbedded in the market framework, the primary data sources ,the media depends onâ are the legislature and significant business firms. Herman and Chomsky see media as predominant ideological contraption sameâ as referenced in the proposition by William Domhoff in his book ,The Powers That Be: Processes of Ruling Class Domination in America. (Domhoff 1979,pg 169). Domhoff battles that theâ four essential procedures through which the decision class ‘rules’ are (1)the extraordinary intrigue process;(2)policy development process;(3)candidate determination; and(4)the ideological procedure, the Herman and Chomsky’s hypothesis is the reflection of Domhoff’s hypothesis of ideological mechanical assembly for predominant elites.(Domhoff;1979,179-183). The Canadian humanist Wallace Clement expounds on the decision class of Canada, he states through perception that the decision tip top have stayed reliable over the previous century. The institutional connections inside Canada are at first class level, responsibility for is profoundly concentrated.(Canadian Corporate Elite;1975). Another Canadian humanist Patricia Marchak (1988;pg122),stresses that the principle question is under what conditions the state would be obliged to act just regarding the interests of the capital. At the point when such conditions are acquired generally, and when they do, the legitimacy of Propaganda Model is probably going to increase.(Patricia Marchak;1988,pg34). Herman and Chomsky don't guarantee that media demonstrations just to circle publicity. The Propaganda Model  â describes ‘the powers that cause the broad communications to play a promulgation role’ they likewise contend that media not just serve the political and financial interests of prevailing world class yet in addition of the state. The creators concede that the purposeful publicity model doesn't clarify everything in each setting it manages the examples of media conduct and execution. The world class media chooses what points, issues, and occasions that are to be considered ‘news worthy’ by the lower-level media and build up the general talk, they decide, they select,â they shape,â they control, they limit in orderâ to serve the predominant tip top gatherings in the general public. This framework is at chances with reality as the amazing can choose what the overall population is permitted to see, hear, think and make popular supposition by standard control. Singular feebleness develops even with globalizing market; bolster associations as the worker's organizations are debilitated .In the last pages of Manufacturing Consent Herman and Chomsky recognize that the framework isn't almighty, the mastery of media by government and the tip top have not beaten Vietnam disorder and open antagonistic vibe toward direct US contribution in destabilization and over toss of remote oversee

QUIZ What Career In Health Should You Choose

Test What Career In Health Should You Choose So you’re pondering going into medicinal services however not exactly sure where you would fit in best? The medicinal services field is continually developing and continually needing recently recruited employees. Human services is so expansive it ranges from being aâ medical right hand, enlisted nurture, specialist, drug specialist, home wellbeing assistant, and there’sâ so considerably more. The field is so assorted so you’re bound to locate your ideal fit. This test is ideal for helping you choose your way into wellbeing care. Source [Playbuzz]

Tips for College Essay How to Wow Your Tutor

Tips for College Essay How to Wow Your Tutor Tips for Writing College Essay: How to Enroll at Your Dream University? It is not a secret that getting a degree from a good university is a key to success in life. While many people believe it is a prerogative of the rich this is not necessarily so. You do not have to be a straight-A student either. It goes without saying that academic qualifications, good test results and extra-curricular involvement do play an important role when studying in college. However, you can improve your academic performance by writing a powerful essay. You are sure to be asked to complete a great number of essays through your way to graduation. That’s where your writing skills can be a decisive factor. If you feel you need some help with it, we will gladly share a few tips for writing an effective college essay. Essay tips college that will help you create a better paper While your credentials speak of your intelligence, they do not reveal your personality. An essay gives you a chance to make the “real you” shine. You want to reveal all your strengths in your writing. And that’s one of the most important tips for college essay. Tell about your passions, how you plan to implement them in life and by that perhaps make this world a better place. Speak of your interests, hobbies or sports you take. Show that you are a committed person. One of the most important tips on writing college essay is to provide a deep and unique insight into your dreams and ambitions. For instance, if you are applying for a medical college, explain why becoming a doctor is important to you and show how crucial it is to positively influence lives of others. Prove that you have skills required to be a doctor such as a good knowledge of anatomy, passion for science, mental resilience, communication skills, etc. Speak of the volunteering experience that you might have connected with helping people in need. Mention your professional goals. Tips to write a good college essay include emphasizing why it is important for you to study in this college. Dwell on the possibilities of broadening your horizons by studying in this particular learning environment. It is also advised to mention how your education would improve the labor market or how implementing a different practice would influence the sector in which you are planning to work. Do not forget that revealing your true personality should be at the core of your essay. As far as the writing process is concerned, here we can provide you with the following tips for writing college essay: Before writing an essay, think of its content. Brainstorm. Ask yourself the following questions: What is important for you? Why did you choose this subject? Why do you want to devote your life to this sphere? What makes the college you are applying for a special one? How can you prove that the education you are applying for corresponds to your personal and professional development? When writing an essay itself, take into account some college level essay tips. It is advised to do the following: Make a short outline before writing the paper. Make sure the essay contains an introduction with a thesis statement, a main body in which you develop your statement, underpin it with facts, examples and answer all of the questions you asked yourself at the stage of planning your essay, and a powerful conclusion which sumps up why enrolling at the university is of crucial importance for you. Proof-read the essay. Make sure it is error-free. It should be logically structured and easy to read. Do you think it makes you stand out? Is it engaging in style? Ask your teacher or mentor to read your essay and express their opinion. Make any necessary corrections if needed. What if tips to writing a college essay sound a way too daunting? We agree that there are tons of tips to writing a good essay for a scholarship. To produce a winning piece of writing, excellent writing skills are needed. In the end, it is neck or nothing. If you are anxious to get that dream scholarship but are afraid that writing skills will let you down, do not worry. There is a way out. You can apply for help to professional writing services. Experienced writers who have at least a bachelor’s degree will help you complete your essay successfully. They will produce an engaging paper and make it look professional. Moreover, they understand the criteria set by colleges, and will use all the necessary keywords to meet all the requirements in the best way. You do not have to stress yourself over writing. There is no need to rack your brain thinking how to put the words and the information together. All you have to do is give short facts about yourself, your hobbies, extracurricular activities, volunteering experience and personal traits. The rest will be done by a professional writer. They will help you prove you are a worthy candidate and considerably increase your chances of getting a scholarship. Do not worry about uniqueness either. Essays are custom-made and emphasize your personal strengths and achievements. If you decide to write an essay yourself but are not sure about its quality, you can hire the same professional writing team to proofread your essay. In the end, you will get high quality writing. Whether you follow our tips for a college essay and complete a paper on your own or choose to recruit professional writers, we wish you good luck with writing an essay that will bring you academic success. We believe that there is nothing impossible as long as you try. Stay true to yourself, be sincere, and do not pretend to be someone you are not. That will considerably increase your chances of getting a grant and studying in the college of your dream.

Technology In The Film Industry Essay - 1914 Words

Introduction The film industry has continuously changed since its inception due to rapid technology advancements. Camera technology has been a key factor that has influenced the growth of filmmaking. The first motion picture in the world was produced in the early 1880s, and the first public screening occurred ten years later. It didn’t take long for the quality of films to improve as new filmmaking equipment emerged. Ever since the first movie was produced, the film industry has been continuously changing in response to emerging filmmaking technology. Introduction of digital photography and digital data storage along with the development of internet significantly influenced the film industry (Barsam, 2015). These technologies contributed†¦show more content†¦Digital technology has erased the boundaries and offered new opportunities for shooting films. Shooting with digital cameras tends to be easier as filmmakers can shoot more scenes in less time. Often, multiple digital cameras can be used on the same shot but in different angles which assists in reducing the number of retakes. Digital shooting allows filmmakers to shoot multiple takes and in different angles at fewer costs (Murray, 2012). With new steady camera equipment, the footage shot is more precise and intimate. This enhances the audience experience as the camera view is authentic. Also, the cameras save time wasted on reshooting the same scene. IT has also changed the way movies are shot particularly through application of film special effects. The film industry heavily relies on illusions to simulate imaginary events in a story (McClean, 2007). Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) is another key technology that is applied to special effects to enhance films. CGI is mainly used in special effects to enable filmmakers to control the scenes instead of using many extra actors. This has simplified film production and reduced the costs incurred. A lot of movies especially those classified under fiction, action, and horror genres rely on CGI. Post-Production Previously, editing used to be a challenge for most filmmakers. Often, they relied on manual methods when filming to add effects to the films. Incorporating visual effects to the film was a demanding task thatShow MoreRelated Digital Film Technology Revolutionizes the Film Industry Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesDigital Film Technology Revolutionizes the Film Industry       With the release of Star Wars: Episode I the Phantom Menace, in March of 1999, digital film technology officially filtered itself in to main-stream Hollywood. 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The History of Coca-Cola Essay - 1106 Words

Coca-Cola’s attempt to market their new tasting product â€Å"New Coke†, made the company understand that, the original is sometimes different enough. In 1886, Doctor John Pemberton, invented the Coca-Cola formula in a brass kettle in his backyard. The name â€Å"coca-cola† was suggested by Pemberton’s bookkeeper. In fact, this bookkeeper scripted â€Å"coca cola† with flowing letters, which is the popular logo of today. The soda was brought to the public eye in 1886. In 1887, Asa Candler bought Coca Cola from Pemberton for $2,300. Pemberton died a year later. Candler’s aggressive marketing skills made Coca Cola one of America’s most popular soft drinks. Between 1890 and 1900, sales increased by over 400 percent. The drink was sold across the United†¦show more content†¦Big things were happening for Coca-Cola, although the biggest were to come. Roberto Goizueta applied for a job in a Cuban newspaper, seeking a chemical enginee r at Coca-Cola. 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Equipment For Operation Iraqi Freedom And Operation...

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There was no specific need for the equipment after the war, and much of it was abandoned in place, and although lack of retrograde operations occurred, the abandoned equipment turned useful in supporting the Korean War. Logisticians learning their lessons from previous wars, vowed to not be unprepared while entering the Vietnam War. Specialized programs and systems were established to document, classify and store all equipment entering Vietnam. Continental Army Command initialized the program STOP/SEE toShow MoreRelatedThe Lineage Of The 18th Engineer Brigade Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesEngineer Regiment participated in several Central Europe campaigns during World War II. After the Regiment’s reorganization, the 18th Engineer Brigade participated in multiple campaigns in Vietnam, Operation Desert Storm, Operation Desert Shield, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom. 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The 1776th was also given credit for their participation in the Rhineland campaign during their time in France. After a brief stay in France the 1776th engineer company was on the move to Germany. They arrivedRead MoreA Comparison Of The United States And Qatar Relations1091 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Pentagon on Tuesday renewed praise of Qatar for hosting a vital U.S. air base and for its enduring commitment to regional secu rity, sticking to a message of reassurance even as President Donald Trump, via Twitter, applauded a decision by Arab powers to cut ties to the Gulf ally.† Pike, J., Mr. (Ed.). (2017, June 06). The United States and Qatar Relations have been on an up rise for the last couple years. Being that Qatar is listed as one of the wealthiest countries in the world remaining

Determining the limiting reactant and the percent yield i a precipitation reaction free essay sample

One example of a double replacement (metathesis) reaction is the mixing of two solutions resulting in the formation of a precipitate. In solution chemistry, the term precipitate is used to describe a solid that forms when a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion) are strongly attracted to one another. In this experiment, a precipitation reaction will be studied. Stoichiometry will then be used to investigate the amounts of reactants and products that are involved. The word stoichiometry is derived from two Greek words: stoicheion (meaning â€Å"element†) and metron (meaning â€Å"measure†). Stoichiometry is an important field of chemistry that uses calculations to determine the quantities (masses, volumes) of reactants and products involved in chemical reactions. It is a very mathematical part of chemistry. In this experiment, you will react a known amount of sodium carbonate solution with a known amount of calcium chloride solution. The skeletal (unbalanced) equation for the resulting double replacement reaction is: Na2CO3(aq) + CaCl2(aq) ? NaCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) Note that three of the chemicals have their states or phases designated as (aq) and one is designated as (s). The (aq) represents the term aqueous which means that the substance is soluble and dissolved in water. The (s) means that the substance is a solid (in this case, it is a precipitate). Precipitate formation is easily observed as the mixed solutions turn cloudy and, if desired, the precipitate can be easily separated from the solution by filtering. Since your precipitate will be separated and weighed, you will need to dry the precipitate in a drying oven before measuring its mass. Stoichiometry will then be used to determine the amount of precipitate that should be formed in the reaction. It is often difficult as well as impractical to combine just the right amount of each reactant that is required for a particular reactant that is required for a particular reaction to occur. Given this fact, this experiment is designed so that only one of the reactants will be completely used up. This is called the limiting reactant because it limits the amount of products formed. Since the other reactant will have a quantity remaining, it is called the excess reactant. One of your tasks will be to determine which of your reactants is limiting and which is in excess. The two chemical reactants in this experiment have common uses in our lives. In one solid form, sodium carbonate is known as â€Å"washing soda† and is used to enhance the effectiveness of laundry soap. Calcium chloride solid can act as a desiccant (drying agent) and is used by recreational vehicle owners to remove moisture from the air in the vehicle during winter storage. OBJECTIVES 1. to observe the reaction between solutions of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride. 2. to determine which of the reactants is the limiting reactant and which is the excess reactant. To determine the theoretical mass of precipitate that should form. 4. to compare the actual mass with the theoretical mass of precipitate and calculate the percent yield. MATERIALS Equipment Chemicals Balance 0. 70 M sodiuim carbonate solution, Na2CO3 2 graduated cylinders – 25 mL 0. 50 M calcium chloride solution, CaCl2 3 beakers – 250 mL dH2O wash bottle Filtering apparatus (ring with stand, funnel) Filter paper Drying oven Lab apron Goggles PROCEDURE 1. Put on your lab apron and safety goggles. 2. Obtain two clean, dry 25 mL graduated cylinders and two clean, dry 250 mL beakers. In one of the graduated cylinders measure 25 mL of the Na2CO3 solution. In the other graduated cylinder measure 25 mL of the CaCl2 solution. Record these volumes in your lab notebook. 4. Pour the contents of both graduated cylinders into one of the 250 mL beakers and observe the results. Record these qualitative observations in your notebook. Allow the contents of the beaker to sit undisturbed for 5 min. to see what happens to the suspended solid particles. Meanwhile, proceed to step 5. 5. Obtain a piece of filter paper and put your name on it using a pencil. Weigh and record the mass of the filter paper, then use it to set up a filtering apparatus as shown in Figure 6D-1. 6. Use the wash bottle to lightly wet the filter paper in the funnel to keep the filter paper in place. Swirl the beaker and its contents to suspend the precipitate in the solution, then pour it carefully and slowly into the filter funnel. It takes time to complete the filtering process so plan to do it in stages. Use the wash bottle to rinse the remaining precipitate from the beaker. 7. Use the wash bottle one last time to rinse the precipitate in the filter paper. This will remove any residual NaCl(aq) that remains with the precipitate. 8. After the filtering is complete, remove the wet filter paper containing CaCO3 precipitate and suspend it carefully in the third 250 mL beaker. Put your labeled beaker with filter paper + precipitate in the drying oven for 30-45 min. 9. Remove the beaker with filter paper + precipitate from the drying oven and allow to cool for a few minutes. 10. Weigh and record the mass of the dry filter paper containing the CaCO3 precipitate. 11. Clean up all your apparatus. 12. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before leaving the laboratory. Reagent Disposal Rinse all solutions down the sink with copious amounts of water. Any solids should go into the designated containers. Post Lab Considerations The double replacement reaction in this experiment formed two chemicals which are commonly known to you. The NaCl(aq) is salt water and the CaCO3(s) is a component of some classroom chalks. Using the data collected, you will be able to calculate the moles of each of the chemicals that are added together to react. Then using the principles of stoichiometry you will be able to determine which chemical is the limiting reactant and thereby predict how much precipitate should form. This stoichiometric determination will then be compared to the actual mass of CaCO3(s) formed. Chemists are often concerned with optimal yields in manufacturing a certain chemical. One way of measuring this is to calculate the percent yield of that particular chemical by using this formula: Percent yield = actual mass produced (grams)____ x 100% theoretical mass produced (grams) Include the following information in the results section and data tables: Qualitative observations Quantitative observations Volume of 0. 70 M Na2CO3 solution Volume of 0. 50 M CaCl2 solution Mass of filter paper + dry solid CaCO3 Mass of filter paper ANALYSIS OF RESULTS 1. Copy the chemical equation for the reaction from the introduction and balance it. 2. From your Part I results, calculate the moles of Na2CO3 that were added to the beaker. 3. From your Part I results, calculate the moles of CaCl2 that were added to the beaker. Use your answers from Analysis 1-3 above and stoichiometric principles to determine which chemical is the limiting reactant. 5. Use stoichiometric calculations to determine the theoretical mass of CaCO3 precipitate that should have formed. 6. From your Part II results, calculate the actual mass of CaCO3(s) precipitate that formed. 7. Calculate the percent yield of CaCO3(s). FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS 1. If you were to evaporate the filtered solution to dryness, would you be left with only solid NaCl? Explain. 2. What theoretical volume of the Na2CO3 solution used in this experiment would result in no excess reactant? 3. A precipitation reaction occurs when 50. 0 mL of 0. 50 M BaCl2(aq) is mixed with 75. 0 mL of 0. 75 M Na2CO3(aq). The only precipitate is the BaCO3(s) formed. a) Write the balanced equation that describes this reaction. b) Which chemical is the limiting reactant? c) Predict the theoretical mass of BaCO3(s) that should form. d) This experiment was conducted and the percent yield was found to be 82%. What was the actual mass of BaCO3(s) that formed?

Constitution Essays (538 words) - James Madison,

Constitution The Constitution and who it belongs To When Thomas Jefferson signed the Constitution, there was a big reason why he believed it would endure. Having written the Declaration of Independence based on John Locke's ideas, as well as playing a large role in the Congress and being President, Jefferson had good faith in the constitution's structure, the beliefs it was based on, and the people that would help to back it up. In writing the doctrine, the founding fathers knew that it must stabilize the current disunity that had been plaguing the nation since the end of the War, but at the same time not become outdated or too unrealistic. Thus, one of the methods used to achieve this was the poetic opening, the preamble. By stating what the constitution was intended to do, it can remain an important part of government. "In order to form a more perfect union" reminds us to never settle for less, to strive to be the best in the world. "Establish justice", that no one person can be denied a fair trial, and to carry out justice to the furthest extent of the law. "Insure domestic tranquility", that the nation will be at peace w/one another, unlike during the Articles of Federation. The list goes on. To further insure it's durability, the Bill of Rights was written. Also known as the first 10 amendments, these are believed to be god given rights, that no one w/the exception of almighty god himself can deny a man. This way, we can insure the states will never suffer again under a tyrant like Britain. Because of this, the citizens can have faith in the government and the people who carry out the law. But perhaps the best test of the Constitution has been the tests of time itself. Unbiased, and never stopping or slowing down for anyone or any reason, the articles were tested when Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton were impeached. When it was discovered Nixon had known about the Watergate break in, and was covering it up, eventually forcing his resignation. When Robert Ford pardoned him. When the 11 southern states seceded and forced a bitter civil warof friend against friend, brother against brother. When slavery was finally abolished. And not to mention 4 presidential assassinations. The Constitution endures because of it's structure. It 's ability to serve the majority of the nation, but at the same time not to trample the rights of the minority. It's ability to be amended when needed, and stand strong when tested. It's careful system of checks and balances, making sure that no one branch becomes to strong, and wields unstoppable power. The fact that each person, including the president himself must answer for their actions. The careful seperation of powers. These, as well as the brave men and women who dedicate their lives to carry out and protect the Constitution. The men and women who serve in the military, ready to fight and give their lives to protect our nation and right to believe in god. The countless brave young men who have already died in the battlefield, some never knowing what's it like to graduate from college, to marry and raise a family, or to see their sports team win a championship. This is what makes America such a great country, a proud nation, and why as long as time endures, the constitution will endure. John Locke would be proud.

Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease Essays

Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease Essays Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease Essay Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease Essay the cupboard of black lacquer with a yellow inlay of exotic birds. Such items may make the reader think that the owner is well-travelled and open-minded but the rest of the house is neat and orderly with a place for everything and everything in its place as typical of those times. This portrays an image of an inhibiting environment much more typical of Victorian attitudes and standards. Importantly, the house does not belong to Michaels family but is used to represent an image of the family. The garden which is steep and terraced is also described as being equally well tended to. The house-owner, Mrs Wan, stays in a caravan at the bottom of the garden when the house is rented out. This setting is described in stark contrast to the main home. It is untidy and unkempt. This lady lives in an apparently slovenly and unrestrictive environment which seems to present an image of open-mindedness. Perhaps this lady has better things to do with her time than be preoccupied with trivia. The author maybe uses this contrast to highlight the various attitudes of the characters to Neils condition. The main character is Neil who suffers from severe psoriasis on his chest. He is ashamed and embarrassed by this ailment which is generally typified by inflamed patches of skin called lesions covered by silvery white scales. His outbreaks are described as: a redness with an edge as irregular as a map. Due to this skin condition, he will not go swimming with the rest of Michaels family. This causes them to ask questions because the weather is so warm: Im boiling already states Michael. Neil does not confide in Michael the true reason why he will not bear his skin probably partly because he may never have done so before and because as a peer, he assumes that Michael would probably be less than understanding. However, the friends relationship changes due to Neils efforts to stay covered and we can see from Michaels reactions: I might as well have asked a girl to come on holiday and useless bloody mamas boy that Michael is frustrated. Neil doesnt explain why he isnt joining in with all the activities so Michael presumes that he is dull and boring. Neil is used to being regarded as less sporty, less macho and altogether less useful as a companion. Michael is obviously regretting bringing Neil on holiday which makes Neil feel misunderstood . Neil perhaps would like to tell Michael of his problem but is afraid of rejection just because he is different. It ,then distances the friends from each other. Neils fist bunched in the sand. is a physical representation of his own frustration. In his interactions with Michaels mother, an element of humour is introduced as Neil puts all efforts into finding a valid excuse for not going swimming. The fact is Ive got my period. This obviously echoes from his mothers range of excuses but amuses the family as he clearly fails to understand the term. Michaels mother, however, does not probe any further probably to save him any further embarrassment but maybe also because she has no interest in solving his problem. Michaels sister was obviously quite keen for him to join in the fun at the beach but she too loses interest in him when he refuses to participate in the fun. Neil is probably quite used to feeling treated in this way and also quite adept at hiding any feelings of self-pity, anger, embarrassment and loneliness. In fact, he may often prefer to be alone to save having to make excuses at all. Throughout the text, Neils own views reflect those of his absent mother and he imagines what her comments would be in many situations: If there is one thing I cannot abide its a milk bottle on the table. It seems that his mothers views about his condition have also affected his own. When he suffered an inflammation which was apparent above his collar: that week his mother had kept him off school. The reasons for her actions could be numerous perhaps she herself did not know how to deal with it; perhaps she understood the condition but felt those around him would not; perhaps she felt that they wou ld be regarded as unclean and she already had the stigma and efforts of being a single parent to cope with. Whatever her reasons, Neils ability to deal with his condition and form relationships is affected by her views. He is very reluctant to confide in anyone. He also behaves much like a stereotypical only child in many ways very polite and good at casual conversation with adults. Neils life changes, however, when he encounters Mrs Wan for a second time. He has noticed that she seems different to those around him in that she wears baggy trousers, a turban-shaped hat and mens garden gloves. She appears in real contrast to his own mother who is portrayed as neat, orderly, thrift and concerned about appearances. Mrs Wan seems taken by Neils caring nature and mannerly disposition when he returns a stray kitten to her caravan although he may just also be taking the animal back as a way of avoiding the attentions of Michaels family and the whole beach experience at the time. Similarly, Neil also strikes her as very different from the other children such as Michael who habitually throws stones in her pond and who we suspect she has little time for because she mistakenly calls him Benjamin. The pair strike up a conversation and before he knows it, he has revealed his secret to her. Everything about this woman is honest and apparent which seems to set the standard for their conversation: this old woman seemed to demand the truth. He may have found it so easy to be honest with her because she was a stranger, because she was obviously quite worldly and little concerned with looks and because she seemed so approachable. She is unflinching when she examines his psoriasis and offers words of wisdom: Watch that you dont suffer from more than the disease. He claims that he does not understand and she elaborates: Its bad enough having it without being shy about it as well. This reaction is completely new to Neil and this conversation is a turning point in his life. He seems stronger and more mature after his conversations with her. When Michael suddenly approaches, he does not hurriedly cover up as he may well have done previously although there is obvious surprise and shock in Michaels voice on seeing the affected skin. Michael responds favourably as he appears to understand the reasons for Neils behaviour. The pair are re-united in friendship which is demonstrated by their late night swim. Neil is able to take part in a regular boy experience for the first time even if it is after dark. The short story therefore ends on a promising note. This boy who was so obviously troubled by his condition has been transformed and finds that through sharing his problem, he cements his friendships. Maybe he will find a popularity based on his own personality now rather than on his mothers ability to provide passes to the cinema. Neils disease had consumed him and dictated his lifestyle. He seems to have learned that that did not have to be the case.

Why is Smith's work on the division of labour still of interest after Assignment

Why is Smith's work on the division of labour still of interest after almost 250 years - Assignment Example The notion of division of labour is associated with the cooperative structure of supplying labour services to perform that task. Division of labour has been applied by producers of all goods and services and after the introduction of industrialisation this concept has been widely used by these producers (Brown and Rose, 2010, p.34). This research attempts to describe the notion of division of labour which was marked by Adam Smith and also describes the reasons of application of Smith’s idea of division of labour in the modern times. An effort is made to critically analyze the reasons behind importance of the concept of division of labour even after 250 years of its introduction in economic theories. Smith’s notion of Division of Labour: Adam Smith has argued that in the face of industrialisation and growing demand for various goods and services, it is most necessary for producers to apply the notion of division of labour into the production processes. The application of division of labour into production processes will not only increase the amount of output produced, but also will increase the quality of produced output. Adam Smith has opined in his book, The Wealth of Nations, that applying division of labour helps the producer by splitting up the entire production process in smaller divisions and by applying labour service to each division of the complete production process (Smith, 1776, pp.10-12). According to Adam Smith, using division of labour in the production process will also help labourers to efficiently perform a single tack and to achieve the level of expertise in the production of the part of the entire production process which is assigned to one labourer at a time. These developments in the process of production of the good help labourers to increase the volume of production and also help to augment the quality of production of that good. Adam Smith has also argued that the difference between a steel doorkeeper and a philosopher is a consequence of division of labour. A steel doorkeeper can apply the concept of division of labour by engaging others (mainly his family members) and increase the productivity, as well the quality of production of the service. A philosopher cannot divide his thinking process with the help of the notion of division of labour (Smith, 1776, pp.12-17). Adam Smith has opined that the introduction of division of labour in the production processes will help labourers to match their skills with the equipments available to them for producing different goods and services. He himself gave an example of pin production. In the production of a pin, one person produces the head and another person produces the body. Both these labourers are using the best (most efficient) available and different types of technology to produce either the head or the body of the pin. In this way the total volume of production can be increased along with the quality of production. However, Adam Smith also criticised t he application of

Emotional Disabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emotional Disabilities - Essay Example The crucial issue for teachers and federal and state authorities issue is to be able to differentiate between misconduct and emotional disability (Doty, 20003). With regards to history, a child or student to be eligible for emotional disability, pertinent evaluations are conducted. The school must conduct psychological testing by a trained school psychologist and the testing includes cognitive testing and social/emotional measures through rating scales, interviews and observations (School Psychologist Files, 2006-2007). In addition, to rule out environmental factors, a socio-cultural evaluation is done by a social worker with a parent of the child to determine a developmental history (School Psychologist Files, 2006-2007). Another issue that poses a challenge to school authorities is determining whether a child has emotional disability/disturbance or is socially maladjusted. A guide used by an educational agency in Michigan addresses this issue by drawing a matrix of characteristics in terms of behavior to differentiate emotionally disturbed and socially maladjusted students (School Psychologist Files, 2006-2007). In terms of definition, the eligibility of a child or student for having emotional disability is currently determined according to criteria set by Individual with Disabilities Act, Public Law 101-476 (Carrol n.d.

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) | Essay

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) | Essay Introduction The Social determinants of health (SDOH) are a group of factors that impact health and wellbeing of an individual. Child development is influenced by various aspects starting from birth, biology, genetic characteristics, gender, culture and family values. The Family provides adequate support systems by various means such as socioeconomic resources, ideal family environment and effective parenting skills. A community’s health and social development depends on healthy living and health services available to them (McMurray Clendon, 2011). The health burden of disease and causes of major health inequalities arises from the environment in which an individual is born, raised, grown and worked. Theses factors are referred to as SDOH. SDOH consist of a number of structural conditions. The model representing cascade of bubble demonstrates how SDOH are interrelated to each other. It is observed that if there are any political or environmental changes, all structural determinants are affected (Wilcox, 2007 as cited in McMurray Clendon, 2011). Primary health care (PHC) is aimed to create healthy communities. PHC approach is best described by multi-level health promotion model. Primary prevention is attained through upstream actions which are aimed to promote and maintain health. This is achieved through providing a healthy environment, health services and education for healthy living. Secondary prevention/midstream actions are providing treatment for illness and further prevention of disability. Tertiary or downstream actions are basically rehabilitation services or educating the community to cope with disability conditions (McMurray Clendon, 2011). This essay outlines the effect of housing on health of the community. Improving the housing condition is primary prevention through upstream actions. To improve health and reduce inequalities, a coordinated approach is required to address SDOH which has direct effects on structural determinants. House designs should be made by taking into account health and well being. The infrastructure planning for housing designs which should include insulation, ventilation, sewage system, public spaces as well as community’s participation in their health development project should be encouraged. The health of an individual, families and the community can be improved by well designed, insulated houses and community health services. (WHO, 2011; Chapman Bierre, 2008). The US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention also emphasised on approach to promote health by improving housing and living conditions. The visits to emergency and stay in hospital with serious acute medical illness is shorter with improved living conditions as opposed to those who lives in poor housing (Thomson, Thomas Petticrew, 2009; Sadowski, Kee, VanderWeele Buchanan, 2009). The research study has indicated that people migrated to better housing has improved health outcomes and are also exposed to less substance abuse, violence and less neighbourhood problems as compared to their original living conditions. Government generated social and health policies directly affect the quality of life and living conditions of the community, and also the economical status of the family significantly influence an individual’s health. A co-ordinated action is required from the Policy makers, health service providers and leaders from various sectors to utilise their knowledge to enhance better living conditions bringing the best population health outcomes (Williams, Costa, Odunlami Mohammad, 2012). The importance of living and working conditions, indoor environment, safe neighbourhood, healthy lifestyles in general and respiratory health in particular is a major concern these days. The predominant factors increasing the risk of asthma and respiratory problems are moisture damage in the house and bacterial growth. The studies have shown a close association between mould, dampness and asthma in children. Damp houses resulting in mould and microbial growth are the predisposing factor resulting in wheezing in adults and infants. In a survey carried in NZ homes reported 35 % of moulds clearly visible in the living area or bedrooms. NZ has been reportedly having higher asthma rates in the world, which is contributed by poor living conditions. Damp and cold houses support the bacterial growth, providing favourable media for mould, bacteria and dust mites. Young children spend more time at home as compared to adults, There is a significant effect of damp houses on respiratory system, t hus the incident rate of bronchitis and wheezing illness is more common in children. It is suggested, if people will be provided with better housing and insulation, respiratory symptoms will reduce by 33% (Keall, Crane, Baker, Wickens, Chapman Cunningham, 2012). It has always been stated that population of health is largely impacted by quality of housing where they live. If people living in substandard housing or poor living conditions could be provided with better housing, insulation and ventilation, It could potentially prevent ill health. There was a cluster randomised trial for housing, insulation and health study of insulating houses of communities with low socioeconomic status. A Community based approach is effective mean of improving health rather than an individual focused e.g. Insulating houses are more effective than providing people with more clothes. Older aged, infants and children spend more time in houses, thus they have to bear the physiological stress due to their weaker immune system. This research also reports an association of cold, damp houses likely to get bacterial and mould growth, eventually causing respiratory problems. Several international report highlight poor insulation, damp, cold and mouldy houses leading to p oor health. People with insulated houses and better living conditions were less likely to be admitted to acute wards with pulmonary and obstructive airway diseases. The results interpreted in studies of the insulated housing affecting health were significant with improved outcome measures, except for the use of medical facilities. This study was conducted in uninsulated old houses with cold and dampness, where at least one member has respiratory problems, Increased warmth and decreased humidity brought improved health conditions. Population living in well designed and insulated houses reported significantly less cold and dampness however People in insulated houses also reported that their houses felt significantly less damp and mouldy, however this study does not determine essential determinants involved. Although this study greatly emphasise the effect of living in cold and damp houses resulting in pulmonary conditions such as asthma, cough and wheezing (Chapman et al., 2007). A study conducted by Kearns, Smith and Abbott on Pacific population showed substandard living conditions as compared to Maori and European population. Pacific people are at a great risk of developing asthma, cold and flu (as cited in Butler, Williams, Tukuuitonga Peterson, 2003). Studies have reported a close relationship between cold, damp houses and respiratory diseases. Researchers also highlighted the association of poor housing with mental health and maternal health. Statistical analysis showed cold/damp houses a potential risk factor for asthma and postnatal depression. The pathophysiology of the respiratory symptoms is triggered by an allergic reaction to fungi or dust mites (Butler, Williams, Tukuuitonga Peterson, 2003). A major British cohort study has reported an evidence of poor living/housing conditions are growing over the life, of course, and can impose serious health effects on an individual and family. Thus, interventions to improve housing could measure better effects. Providing insulation for houses for the community with low economic conditions is a cost effective intervention to promote health and well being. It should be widely accepted by the community for their own health, policy makers and leaders to make strategy for healthy measures (Chapman et al., 2007). Conclusion The health of the community is greatly influenced by SDOH more than medical care. As above stated, quality of life is significantly affected by the society and the environment in which they live and work. The burden of disease and ill health can be reduced by improving the housing environment. Medical care and accessing physician is not affordable to all, however better housing conditions can effectively reduce the financial burden on the health sector. Hence, the individual and the community should be encouraged to participate in health programmes for the promotion of their health and wellness. Reference List Butler, S., Williams, M., Tukuionga, C., Paterson, J. (2003). Problems with damp housing among pacific families in New Zealand. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 116 (1177), 1-8. Retrieved from https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/2292/4653/12861308.pdf?sequence=1 Chapman, P. H., Bierre, S. (2008). Reducing health inequalities by improving housing. In Dew, K., Matheson, A. (Eds.), Understanding health inequalities in Aotearoa New Zealand (pp. 161-173). Dunedin, New Zealand: Otago University Press. Chapman, P. H., Matheson, A., Crane, J., Viggers, H., Cunningham, M., Blakely, T.,Davie, G. (2007). Effect of insulating existing houses on health inequality: cluster randomised study in the community. BioMedical Journal. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39070.573032.80 Keall, M. D., Crane, J., Baker, M. G., Wicken, K., Chapman, P. H., Cunningham (2012). A measure for quantifying the impact of housing quality on respiratory health: a cross sectional study. Environmental Health, 11 (33), 1-8. Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1476-069X-11-33.pdf McMurray, A., Clendon, J. (2011). Community health and wellness: Primary health care in practice (4th ed.). Sydney, Australia: Elsevier. Sadowski, L, S., Kee, R. A., VanderWeele, T. J., Buchanan, D. (2009). Effects of a housing and case management program on emergency department visits and hospitalizations among chronically ill homeless adults: A randomized trial. Journal of American Medical Association, 301 (17), 1771-1777. doi: 10011/jama.2009.561 Thomson, H., Thomas, S., Sellstrom, E., Petticrew, M. 92009). The health impacts of housing improvement: A systematic review of intervention studies from 1887 to 2007. American Journal of Public Health, 99(3), 681-691. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.143909. Willimas, D. R., Costa, M. V., Odunlami, A. O. Mohammed, S. A. (2008). Moving upstream: How interventions that address the social determinants of health can improve health and reduce disparities. Journal Public Health Manag Pract, 14, S8-17. doi: 10.1097/01.PHH.0000338382.36695.42 World Health Organization. (2011). Closing the gap: Policy into practice on social determinants of health: discussion paper. Retrieved from https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/bitstream/10665/44731/1/9789241502405_eng.pdf 1

Freedom in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn – Freedom Freedom is not a reward or a decoration that is celebrated with champagne...Oh no! It's a...long distance race, quite solitary and very exhausting." -Albert Camus. The dictionary defines freedom as the condition of being free from restraints. Freedom is not just a word one can say without meaning. It is a privilege, a privilege not everyone is granted. Freedom gives the liberty to choose what should is done and how. Freedom is the capacity to exercise choice and free will. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the narrator, Huck, seeks freedom from society. Huck, a thirteen year-old boy, lives with Widow Douglass and her sister Miss Watson. He lives with them because before this he had no home, only a drunken father, whom he rarely sees. Both of the ladies attempt to civilize Huck by sending him to school and teaching him good manners. "Pretty soon I wanted to smoke, and asked the widow to let me. But she wouldn't. She said it was a mean practice and wasn't clean, and I must try to not do it any more" In this passage from chapter one you can see that Huck enjoyed doing what he pleased when he choose. "I liked the old ways best, but I was getting so I liked the new ones, too, a little bit." This passage is from chapter four of the book spoken by Huck. In it one can see that although Huck begins to like the civilized ways he still has a craving for his old ways, which seem u ncivilized to all. Freedom is not only having a choice but also having no restraints. The characters of the Duke and the Daphne, who were really two criminals running away, have an advantage of no restraints being given. In chapter 19 of the book, the two men introduce themselves to Huck and Jim. When they do this, they do not introduce themselves with their true identity. Because there were no restrictions, they could not only befriend Jim and Huck but also trick them. "He told them he was a pirate-been a pirate for thirty years out in the Indian Ocean-and his crew was thinned out considerable last spring in a fight, and he was home now to take out some fresh men, and thanks goodness he'd been robbed last night.

Public Fear of Terrorism

IntroductionTerrorism has become a global challenge, which must be fought by collaborative efforts.   Indeed the war against terrorism takes many forms and shapes.   For instance while traditionally the homeland security has been concerned with fighting terrorism from a military point of view; there is a need for it to be empowered to better deal with terrorism from different dimensions. A new challenge is emerging; that is, the way the media is handling the terrorism and especially how it reports and covers terrorism incidences.Media plays a very important role in shaping public opinion in many issues including terrorism.   Media coverage of terrorist activities shapes how terrorism events are constructed in the minds of the public.   Of late there are clear indications of general fear in the public to the extent that, whatever the media reports, is seen as a representation of the real situation on the ground.   There is alot of freedom in the media. With so many freelance journalists who are eager to make an extra dime at the expense of the general public.Indeed, there is little control over the journalists especially the freelance journalists.   The criminal justice has little control over the sifting of information to the general public.   The seemingly free-flow for news in the media means that, whoever comes out with the ‘best’ news is likely to receive the most attention.   The craving for news has seen the freelance journalists keen on making quick money violate journalism code of conduct and therefore failing to put into consideration professionalism but become only concerned about getting the most enticing news.Unlike in the past when the media would take the time to censor the news they released to the public, nowadays some television channels air some uncensored images.   This has greatly impacted negatively on the media authenticity.   Some media houses are less concerned about the moral implications of such images to the general public. Irresponsible coverage of terrorism activities affects the public by inflicting fear amongst the public especially the uncensored images and broadcasts zoomed by television channels and the internet.   The consistency with which such images are aired has also come to have a bearing on the increased fear levels amongst the general public.Indeed most media houses flout media rules and are only concerned with getting the mission accomplished.   The criminal justice has largely become incapable of reigning on the media.   This can be explained by lack of effective laws to deal with emerging challenges.   One area where law enforcers are facing challenges when it comes to reigning on offenders who violate the media laws is the fact that, some of the sources of the media images and reports which turn out to have negative effect on the general public originate outside the US and those local media houses which air them bear no responsibility as they act as thi rd parties and are in no way responsible for the contents of the reports (White, Jonathan, 2006).With globalization the world has become a small village whereby information is exchanged within a very short time. As a result, most of the information which reaches the American public, does not necessarily originate within America media.   The truth of the matter is that, Americans have a choice to tune into any media channel they feel free to. This is not in any way regulated by the state and as such, what the public consumes in terms of information cannot be filtered by state law enforcement agents (Nicholas, William, 2005).Taking the example of international media houses, which broadcast, to the whole world, they are in the first place not bound by the American laws nor can the American public be denied access to such.   As a result, whatever information they broadcast concerning terrorism ends up being consumed by the American public.   This is very hard to regulate.   The advancement of the Internet has brought with it very complex challenges especially in terms of authenticity.It is very hard to know which source to trust.   With the craving for news, the public tends to search for any site, whether incredible or not which purports to inform the public.   There are many bogus websites which go to the lengths of capturing live some terrible terrorism activities such as beheading of those captured by terrorists.   As a result, this has really formed a great avenue for fear amongst the general American public.   In addition, there are not many programs or efforts designed to pre-empty the propaganda which some websites linked to terrorists desire to perpetrate in the American public.The other major problem is the fact that, the laws governing the internet use are at best lax and are not effective to deal with those who decide to use the internet as a media of perpetrating fear amongst the general American public.   Efforts of the government t o curb the use of Internet as a propaganda tool led to the introduction of amendments to the privacy acts.   As a result, the government has come under fierce criticism for infringing on the rights of people to access information.   This shows how challenging the fight against the phenomenon has become.In addition the media has strong unions here in the US which means that, it is not easy for the criminal justice to intervene even in cases where it is evident that, the media is causing a great measure of suffering to the public through the broadcasting of information which is uncensored.   The homeland security has a duty to intervene in the dilemma but only to the extent whereby the source of such negligence lies within its jurisdiction.   Globalization and a culture of consumerism in the American society makes it impossible for the homeland security to impose any meaningful checks and balances to protect Americans from suffering from the fear that has gripped the general A merican public (Nakaya, Andea, 2005). Indeed, the public cannot be practically protected from the effects of bad media practices today.   It is up to the public to learn to choose what they can listen to or watch.Recommendation for solving the above problem include; the enactment of tough laws which would see only the most professional media houses get the licence to broadcast in the US.   In addition the homeland security should engage in awareness campaigns meant to make the public to understand that, not every media source has credible and correct coverage on terrorism and that some media sources are actually being used by terrorists for propaganda purposes and believing in them is giving credibility to the terrorists.   In conclusion, there is a need for the criminal justice to work with the information department to reign on the media houses which if unchecked are likely to continue inflicting fear on the public and therefore affect public support on the war against terro rism.ReferenceNakaya, Andea, C. Ed (2005).   Homeland Security.   Detroit:   Greenhaven Press pp. 191.Nicholas, William C. ed. (2005). Homeland Security Law and policy.   Springfield.   Pp. 377.White, Jonathan. (2006). Terrorism and Homeland Security.   Wadsworth (5th ed.).   California:   Thomson.

The End Of The American Revolutionary War - 1595 Words

The end of the American Revolutionary War (1783), started enormous immigration from Europe. The new immigrants settled in the Northeast region of the United States and as a result, it began to experience street gangs. However, most organized and violent street gangs did not emerge in America until the beginning of the nineteenth century. As immigration continued street gangs emerged in the United States in four regions during different periods of time. These first gangs were mainly comprised of white immigrants from Northern and Western Europe who came to the United States from the time the Revolutionary War ended in 1783 through to approximately 1860. In 1820, a second wave of immigration from other parts of Europe – Italy, Poland and Ireland began to arrive, along with a large Jewish segment. As immigration grew throughout the United States, gangs began to spread throughout the remaining regions of the United States with African-American gangs throughout the South, Hispanic/ Latino gangs from Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Mexico as well other Central and South American countries spread to the West. Asian based gangs also began to emerge throughout the West and the remaining parts of the U.S. Throughout history there is one commonality for the emergence of gangs. Most gangs emerge and develop as each gang tries to establish their identity as well as their desire for money, prosperity and opportunity. They commonly believe they can acquireShow MoreRelatedThe End Of The American Revolutionary War1595 Words   |  7 Pages The end of the American Revolutionary War (1783), started enormous immigration from Europe. The new immigrants settled in the Northeast region of the United States and as a result, it began to experience street gangs. 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