My Life Is Your Life - 1531 Words

Your life is your life, end of discussion. Every day you wake up, take shower, put on clothes and go to school or work. After a long days’ work you come home, put your jacket down on the dining room table chair, walk into the kitchen, open the fridge, take out something, eat it, then most likely kick back and relax on the couch and drown out in television for the next few hours. Now let’s rewind back to the beginning of the day. Everything you did this morning is something that you learned to do previously, all of the decisions you made during the day were made based off of things that you learned. It’s something that was taught to you or something that you learned. Nevertheless, making decisions, doing everyday tasks and most importantly†¦show more content†¦Let start off with the story of Young Goodman Brown. Goodman Brown says goodbye to his wife, Faith, outside of his house in Salem Village. Faith, who is wearing pink ribbons in her hat, asks him not to leave but instead to stay with her. Brown tells her that he must travel for one night, insists that this trip will make him a better man and tells her to go to bed and to make sure she says her prayers. Brown sets off on a road and into a gloomy forest. He looks around, afraid of what might be behind each tree, thinking, but hoping that there is no sign of Indians or the devil himself lurking there. As he walks through the forest, he sees a man and this man looks normal except his walking stick which has a serpent on it that looks so real it almost moves. The man tells Brown that this stick will make him walk faster. He then sees a woman who he recognizes as a very well respected woman from the village and is shocked to watch as the man revels himself to be the devil and the woman to be a witch. After he is in the forest for a while, a large column of flame arises and as Brown grabs onto the serpent craved walking stick the man had left for him, it pulls him quickly into the vil lage where he sees a figure and eventually realizes that it is Faith and that evil has gotten to her. The next morning when Brown returns to the village he refuses to trust anyone and says he can’t believe the words of the

Penitentiary Ideal and the American Prisons - 1292 Words

Penitentiary Ideal and the American Prisons: Prisons have developed to become famous institutions in the modern society to an extent that its difficult to remember that these institutions have a history of slightly over two centuries. Prisons emerged in Europe first before the United States as a product of the dual transformation that established the basis for contemporary capitalism. The institutions are famous because they are an integral part of the criminal justice system that house condemned and convicted individuals over the years. One of the major aspects of prisons systems is the penitentiary concept that emanated in the American prison systems and copied in Europe. There are basically two models of the American prison systems that are centered on the penitentiary concept that governs incarceration. These models were introduced as the first and second great experiments in order to govern the history of prisons in the United States. Penitentiary Ideal: The concept of a penitentiary system was initiated to lessen prison overcrowding through forcing inmates to work hard. During this period, the concept would help in restricting the interactions of inmates with other offenders and the world to lessen the possibility of committing more crimes. This concept of prison as penitentiary was introduced by Jeremy Bentham, an English philosopher and jurist. Through this ideal, these institutions were to become places of personal reform and punishment of offenders.Show MoreRelatedCorrections Trends Evaluation Paper1552 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Corrections have existed throughout society for many years and continued to change and evolve in the United States reflecting society’s values and ideals throughout the centuries. In the criminal justice system, corrections exist in more than one form. 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Economic Revitalization of Clipper Bay

Question: Discuss about the Economic Revitalization of Clipper Bay. Answer: Introduction: Clipper Bay is a coastal town with wide potential that if well planned can be the richest economically. The town despite its small size has a considerable population of 5000 people. The population can if well managed can provide a good source of labour to the industries in the town and help spur economic growth of the town. The location of the town is strategic for tourism development. Located at the coastline, the town offers scenic beauty able to attract a large number of foreign tourists. Among the beauty that if well planned and managed will attract tourists into the area are a series of hills, the beautiful beach, limestone caves, beautiful rocks and forest. Apart from the numerous tourist attraction features, the flat terrain of the town would allow for easy movement within the town and easy construction of infrastructure such as roads and hotels to host tourists. Moreover, the fact that the town is already served by two roads makes it easier for access into the town and gives a clear line to begin on in the construction of roads in the region. Furthermore, the fact that the town is inhabited by a small population is an advantage in the development of tourism in the region since one will not have to worry of congestion while at the same time it is cheaper to build the infrastructure since relocation costs are saved. Similarly, the land in the town as well as that bordering the town is infertile and not friendly for agricultural activities. This makes it easier for tourism to thrive in the area since one will need not to worry of interference of tourism sites by the agricultural activities. As the Chief Planner of Clipper Bay town in collaboration with the local administration among other relevant bodies, I am privileged to present a plan that offers a detailed description that will help revitalize Clipper Bay town. The development plan takes into account the need to ensure sustainability in the development of the town as well as ensuring that the socio-cultural and the environmental economy of the town are protected at all costs. Having consulted the relevant parties as well as through an own study and analysis of the area, I have discovered that the area has massive resources ranging from its hospitable and hard working population to the natural resources such as the sandy beaches which if well harnessed will be of great economic benefit (Lee Chang, 2008). I also realize that the lands in the town are infertile unfortunately making it hard to invest in agriculture in the region. Nonetheless, the town has all it takes to be the best tourism attraction centre in the co untry. With the vast tourism attraction resources in the region, it is significant to develop a tourism industry at Clipper Bay town. However, tourism development comes with its fair share of challenges that if not addressed effectively may instead of revitalizing the economy lead to the collapse of the economy. As the Chief Planner, it is my duty to ensure that the region embraces sustainable tourism development to ensure that the environmental as well as the regions socio-cultural resources are not exploited as a result of tourism development in the town. To ensure a sustainable a sustainable approach to tourism, the following measures should be put into place; The theory of Butler will be used to a great extent in setting up the tourism industry at Clipper Bay. This theory focuses on how the tourism industry grow and changes over time in compliance with the changing times and demands in the tourism industry. In line with this theory tourism at Clipper Bay will be divided into several stages such as the discovery stage, the growth and development stage, success stage, stagnation stage and finally the rejuvenation stage. By following the stages as provided by the theory, the authority will be able to implement mechanisms to address the challenges that come at each and every stage. Cost Benefit Analysis of Tourism at Clipper Bay Developing the tourism industry at Clipper Bay comes at a cost. The authorities will have to spend in developing infrastructure to facilitate movement, setting up the hotel industry among other social amenities to host the guests. $50 will be spend in setting up the industry. Out of the $50, the infrastructural industry will eat the lions share with $30 going towards the industry. Out of the $30, $10 will be used to connect the area with the major roads from the North. The rest $15 will be used to improve on the state of the small roads connecting the tourist sites. $5 will be used to develop a communication line. $10 will be used to set up the hospitality industry part of it being used in the training of the personnel while the rest in setting up hotels. $5 will be used in the provision of security in the area while the rest $5 will be channelled towards environmental sustainability. However, despite the costs, the benefits of tourism to the town will be immense. Ranging from employ ment creation, socio-cultural sustainability, environmental protection to an increase in revenue collection, tourism will indeed boost the economy of Clipper Bay. Socio-cultural sustainability Measures should be put in place to ensure that the rich culture of the people of Clipper Bay is respected and promoted. The local culture will be supported by favouring businesses in the area geared towards the conservation of the local heritage as well as the traditional values. For instance, the women of Clipper Bay have a culture of weaving while their men are fishermen. Moreover, the people of this town appreciate religion as well as the celebration of cultural activities (Khadaroo Seetanah, 2008). Measures should be put in place to promote these rich cultures. The people of the town should be empowered and encouraged to start businesses that will sell their culture to the foreigners in a bid to conserve their cultural heritage and their traditional values. In setting up tourism sites, the government should purchase and use the local goods. Moreover, to empower the local community, the government should employ the local community in the tourism sector. Members of the local community should be used as tour guides, translators, service men and women in the hotel and hospitality industry as well as in the conservation of the tourism resources (Byrd, 2007). Employment of the members of the local community in the tourism sector will not only empower them economically but also promote peace and harmony between the tourists, the people as well as with the tourism resources. This will promote sustainable tourism which will eventually lead to sustainable development. Potential Economic Advantages of developing tourism at Clipper Bay town Tourism is the most viable industry likely to spur economic development of Clipper Bay. The town, offering a conducive environment for tourism to thrive is likely to benefit greatly from the prospects of tourism as it is labour intensive while at the same time majority of the businesses likely to operate in Clipper Bay are small businesses and micro operators who will directly benefit from tourism (Lee, 2013). What this means is that every foreign cash coming into the town will be felt by every household since each and every one is involved into the business of the town. Putting the tourism dollar into the pockets of the locals who serve as staffs in the industry as well as businessmen and women will boost the rate of the local spending. Some of the economic advantages of tourism that Clipper Bay town is likely to experience include; The coming of tourists into the town will bring a lot of employment opportunities to the residents of Clipper Bay. The employment opportunities range from direct employment in the tourist industry to serve as tour guides, hotel and hospitality staff as well as coaches offering coaching services such as language and culture coaching to enable tourism to thrive. A part from the direct employment in the industry, tourism will also create self-employment to the residents of Clipper Bay (Erkus-Ozturk Eraydin, 2010). Tourists come with plenty of foreign cash which they are willing to spend. As a result, the people of Clipper Bay are likely to earn foreign exchange by selling their goods and services to the tourists. The men of Clipper Bay will find a ready market for their fish at a fairly competitive price. Similarly, the women of Clipper Bay will not be left behind as they will find a ready market for their weaving skills. The proceeds from employment as well as those from businesses wi ll be used to improve the lives of the residents of Clipper Bay town. Many will be able to access education which has for a long time been elusive due to the high cost (Timur Getz, 2009). With good education, residents of the town will get a fairly equal access to life opportunities. Increased Spending in the Local Community Due to the foreign cash obtained by the residents of Clipper Bay as salaries as well as profits from their businesses, the residents are able to spend the money within their community to improve their lives. Moreover, due to the benefits of tourism to the national and local government, the government is likely to improve its spending in the town on facilities meant to facilitate tourism (Briassoulis Van der Straaten, 2013). The government will invest in facilities such as infrastructure, communication lines, social amenities such as schools and hospitals as well as in sporting facilities such as stadiums. This increased spending will improve the lives of the residents of Clipper Bay. The people of Clipper Bay for a long time have been reliant on fishing as the only economic activity. Introduction of tourism in the area will enable the residents in the area to diversify the means of earning their economic income (Lopez-Guzman, et al. 2011). The people will now have access to a salary from direct employment in the tourism industry. The diversification will act as insurance in the case that fishing which has been the only source of income fails. To enable access to the area, the government will have to build roads in the town in an attempt to promote tourism which will also increase the rate of government revenue. The government using the revenue from tourism will most probably build other facilities of social amenities such as schools, hospitals and airports (Ruhanen, 2013). These will greatly improve the lives of the people of Clipper Bay. Cultural tourism will promote the culture of the people of Clipper Bay as they will be involved in marketing their culture to the foreign tourists. This will boost the pride of the communities of Clipper Bay as their culture will be appreciated across the world. Sustainable tourism in the area entails a tourism that is responsive and conscious of the environment of Clipper Bay. It is a tourism that protects the environment and appreciated the culture of the local community (Stabler, et al. 2009). Through the various environmental conservation initiatives, the environment of Clipper Bay will be conserved. Potential economic disadvantages of developing tourism at Clipper Bay Tourism will allow movement of large numbers of people into the town. The large population in the area will most likely cause a negative effect to the environment of the area. The large number of tourist vehicles will most likely pollute the environment (Tribe, 2015). Moreover, the tourists if not well handled may encroach habitats meant for marine life hence polluting their habitats leading to their deaths. The coming of tourists into the town will bring in a new culture which might interfere with the rich local culture of the people of Clipper Bay town. The visits will come with the cultures of their home countries which if the residents of Clipper Bay town are allowed to copy may erode the rich local cultural heritage (Vanhove, 2011). Tourism will bring into town people from other cultures across the world. Coming of the tourists into the town is likely to promote cultural exchange. The people of Clipper Bay will get the opportunity to interact with new cultures and chose what culture is good and which if adopted will improve their lives (Chok, et al. 2007). The cultural exchange will also expose the culture of the residents of Clipper Bay to the international arena. The people of Clipper Bay and their culture will hence be recognised and appreciated internationally. Potential socio-cultural disadvantages of developing tourism at Clipper Bay Cultural exchange promoted by tourism in the town will expose the residents of Clipper Bay town to a new foreign culture. Some of the foreign cultures are not good and hence if allowed will see the people of Clipper Bay adopt strange and prohibited behaviours (Croes, 2006). Such exchanges may lead to an erosion of the rich cultural heritage of the people of Clipper Bay town. Sustainable tourism is environmentally conscious and will at all costs conserve the environment of the local area. Developing sustainable tourism at Clipper Bay will see those in charge embrace mechanisms that will see and ensure that the environment of the town is well conserved. This will entail measures that prohibit engagement into activities by the tourists that may pollute the environment (Dwyer, et al. 2010). The authority enacts policies that will ensure environmental sustainability. Hence sustainable tourism will ensure that the environment of Clipper Bay town is conserved. Potential environmental disadvantage of developing tourism at Clipper Bay Despite the enormous economic benefits of tourism, if proper policies are not put in place to manage the tourism, the tourism activity is likely to cause a negative impact to the environment of Clipper Bay town (Konecnik Go, 2008). Some of the disadvantages of tourism to the environment of Clipper Bay town may be interference of the marine species by the tourists who if not properly controlled will encroach and interfere with marine habitats. The tourists may also dump the waste products into the town hence polluting the environment. Moreover, tourism may lead to an influx of vehicles in the town leading to environmental pollution (Tosun, 2006). In conclusion, tourism is a viable economic activity which can impact positively to the economy of a given town. From employment creation, to resource creation to cultural exchange among other benefits, tourism can transform the economy of an area. Nonetheless, if good policies are not put into place to guide tourists in an attempt to ensuring sustainable tourism development, tourism may turn sour. Instead of promoting economic development, it may lead to environmental pollution as well as socio-cultural disadvantages (Zhang Jensen, 2007). Therefore, in order for tourism to revitalize the economy of an area, it is essential that those in authority ensure sustainable tourism development. References Briassoulis, H., Van der Straaten, J. (Eds.). (2013). Tourism and the environment: regional, economic, cultural and policy issues (Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. Byrd, E. T. (2007). Stakeholders in sustainable tourism development and their roles: applying stakeholder theory to sustainable tourism development. Tourism Review, 62(2), 6-13. Chok, S., Macbeth, J., Warren, C. (2007). Tourism as a tool for poverty alleviation: A critical analysis of pro-poor tourismand implications for sustainability. Current issues in Tourism, 10(2-3), 144-165. Croes, R. R. (2006). A paradigm shift to a new strategy for small island economies: Embracing demand side economics for value enhancement and long term economic stability. Tourism Management, 27(3), 453-465. Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., Dwyer, W. (2010). Tourism economics and policy (Vol. 3). Channel View Publications. Erku?-ztrk, H., Erayd?n, A. (2010). Environmental governance for sustainable tourism development: Collaborative networks and organisation building in the Antalya tourism region. Tourism management, 31(1), 113-124. Khadaroo, J., Seetanah, B. (2008). The role of transport infrastructure in international tourism development: A gravity model approach. Tourism management, 29(5), 831-840. Konecnik, M., Go, F. (2008). Tourism destination brand identity: The case of Slovenia. Journal of Brand Management, 15(3), 177-189. Lpez-Guzmn, T., Snchez-Caizares, S., Pavn, V. (2011). Community-based tourism in developing countries: A case study. Tourismos: an international multidisciplinary journal of tourism, 6(1), 69-84. Lee, C. C., Chang, C. P. (2008). Tourism development and economic growth: A closer look at panels. Tourism management, 29(1), 180-192. Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 37-46. Ruhanen, L. (2013). Local government: facilitator or inhibitor of sustainable tourism development?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(1), 80-98. Stabler, M. J., Papatheodorou, A., Sinclair, M. T. (2009). The economics of tourism. Routledge. Ng, S. I., Lee, J. A., Soutar, G. N. (2007). Tourists intention to visit a country: The impact of cultural distance. Tourism Management, 28(6), 1497-1506. Tosun, C. (2006). Expected nature of community participation in tourism development. Tourism management, 27(3), 493-504. Timur, S., Getz, D. (2009). Sustainable tourism development: How do destination stakeholders perceive sustainable urban tourism?. Sustainable Development, 17(4), 220-232. Tribe, J. (2015). The economics of recreation, leisure and tourism. Routledge. Vanhove, N. (2011). The economics of tourism destinations. Routledge. Zhang, J., Jensen, C. (2007). Comparative advantage: explaining tourism flows. Annals of tourism research, 34(1), 223-243. Economic Revitalization of Clipper Bay Question: Discuss about the Economic Revitalization of Clipper Bay. Answer: Introduction According to Simm (2017), revitalization towards growth in the old times economy meant conquering new land as well as digging other new resources from an area. However, at present, the meaning has changed to the growth of a community or a society within defined boundaries of an area. Avoiding community growth in the way of proper economic planning often leads to depletion of resources and community distress while there is an ultimate demand in the sustainable long-term planning within a community. In his study, August (2016) denotes that the need for revitalization is dependent on the three major crises i.e. contamination crisis, increasing population constraints, and corrosion of the present infrastructure within the selected area. Clipper Bay has a population growth of 5000 times more than the past three generations, hence creating an opportunity for a high economic potential. Even though the main source of livelihood is fishing, the area has a very rich heritage that has been prot ected and kept alive by the native communities. Best strategies for revitalization of the area Keeping in mind the need for any strategic economic revitalization for the community in addressing the issues of change, Jansen and Roost (2017) denotes that saving the community from depletion of resources and decline in the economy while preserving the culture and the natural heritage requires a sustainable approach to a project that can meet the objectives. The stable and vibrant Clipper Bay communities need to realize the economy by adopting strategies focused on new commercial areas, corridors, highways, and information industries. According to the comparative advantage theory, it should be a strategy that opens alternative earning opportunities, promotion of culture as well as the local business to transit economy and enhance the quality of life to the standard of the rapidly changing world as pointed out by Vassar et al. (2015). A successful planning of Clipper Bay economic revitalization will require identifying a potential industry that can result in economic growth and sustainable livelihood. For instance, fishing in Clipper Bay is the major source of income for the community that can as well be considered for advancement. Farming in the region is also an alternative strategy that can be utilized as an opportunity for economic support for livelihood in the region according to Pechlaner (2017). Along with the two industries, tourism can greatly promote the generation of revenue and cultural development in addition to the local fishing, farming, and other small business. Sustainable approach In his study, Pechlaner (2017) denotes that a beneficial approach to revitalizing the economy of a region requires a stepwise strategy that involves the local community together with other relevant parties to achieve sustainable and desirable outcomes. The paper focuses on the revitalization of tourism in Clipper Bay as a means of opening opportunities for strategizing long-term goals to meet economic revitalization objectives for the local government to benefit the community. It focuses on the sustainable approach to the process, potential advantages and disadvantages of the environment, economic, and socio-cultural development in the region. Utilizing a budget of 50 million in investing into sustainable development plans on tourism can lead to sustainability as it has the strength of uplifting the community and providing job opportunities for the growing population. The process of m tourism revitalization can be an expensive, confusing, and frustrating process that takes a lot of t ime. However, it often comes with benefits such as adding recreational choices, increasing the pride of the community, increasing tourism, local businesses, social interaction, cultural heritage preservation, among other advantages. Analysis for a clear identification of industry to support revitalization In contract advantage analysis, Pechlaner (2017) denotes that a paradigm of development should attempt to bring positive changes in a community by outsiders interventions who are more advanced and are a common widely conceived civilization. The same study denotes that in the era of technological advancements and innovations, a relevant revitalization strategy should adopt the utilization of the modernization theory that will lead to a more developed, modern, and universal culture. As a result, the design proposed for Clipper Bay tourism revitalization is focused on becoming a further development framework for of human activity in the exclusion zones of the bay. With the adoption of modern technology, the local government will adopt the construction of a monorail road having four stations where each station has its unique purpose as a tourism revitalization project for Clipper Bay. The profitable and environmentally-friendly railroad will cater for the industrial and tourist needs of the community and can be implemented in various stages to connect the bay with other essential cities within the region to ensure an infrastructural connection according to Graziano and Nicosia (2014). The project will introduce two 4-carriage trains with a capacity of 176 people. The road will as well be located around four to six meters above the ground to ensure it gives a better view of the area and allow animals and people to cross the territory freely. According to Giovince (2010), many people often have an extreme negative thinking concerning such an infrastructure close to the bay despite how exclusive the area of construction may be. However, with proper technology, such a project can be the next generation of architectural testing that cannot only be a tourist attraction to the Clipper Bay communities but a global architectural learning center such as Suburbs Architectural Testing Ground in the United States. Paradoxically, the absence of human settlement and activities in the cliffs affected by the tides from the sea will be used to create favorable conditions for endangered species of animals such as the Przewalkiskis red horse. With the cool environment, such an area can be designated for actively breeding such animals resulting into a learning research center as well as a tourist attraction site since the red horse is rare in many parts of the world. The railroad as a project is hence has a paramount focus devoted to infrastructural tourism where the visitors will not only come to enjoy the cool breeze of the beach, but also learn from the unique architectural design of the railroad, modular stations, and modular housing that facility will offer. The major objective of the project is attracting the public attention to the Clipper Bay Exclusive Zone as a proposed solution to transform the community into a beneficial tourist destination that can be beneficial both to the state of the Cl ipper Bay society. The stations will also adopt the FGR Architects Safety Beach as modern hotels and residential areas for the tourists. As denoted in figure 3, the architecture is unique and designed to optimize water views and entertainment opportunities. FGR Architects (2017) denotes that the architecture as well delivers a feeling of flow-through and light sea breeze with a view vantage sections at every chance of promoting its premium waterfront location. Figure 2: FGR Architects (adopted from FGR Architects 2016) Potential economic advantages and disadvantages With the large-scale fishing as an economic activity within the region, there is need of a proper network to reach the customers of the perishable commodity. According to /////, effective transportation is a major element in a successful supply chain about the location of the suppliers, warehouses, distribution centers, and customers. The inventory levels within the supply chain management of a company are often affected by the means of transportation used and the distance between the physical facilities. Vehb? and Doratli (2016) also denote that the selected transportation mode selected by a business will determine the type of packaging, loading, material handling, and processing systems. Having the railroad will speed up the frequency of customer service delivery of fish and other commodities to and from the bay. Any future expansion of farming will as well be easier and more beneficial as access to the market for the agricultural produce will be available. With increased efficiency in transportation and open source of tourism services, the project will provide job opportunities for the locals and other external experts right from the planning and construction stage to its completion. When it begins operations, there will be more jobs opened for tour guides, drivers, security officers, hotel services, local trade and small businesses, as well as scientific researchers who will interact with the tourists while offering the relevant services to the visitors. Tourism is an international industry that involves both domestic and international visitors as pointed out by Dinu and Popovici (2016). As a result, the project will result in more foreign exchange earning activity to both the locals and the state. It will hence boost the economic status of the area and lead to other infrastructural developments within the bay such as hotels, warehouses, entertainments zones, airports, etc. Such infrastructural development will be accompanied with oth er suppliers such as safe water and healthcare services. However, the with the nature of the bay regarding the type of soil and the frequent tidal changes, building a strong, safe, and durable railroad will be expensive and will require the local government to outsource funds from the state as well as other possible sources. In their study, Graziano and Nicosia (2014) points out that jobs created through tourism are poorly paid and seasonal while tourism itself leads to the increase in the push of local prices of commodities and different services. On the other hand, finances generated by tourism often do not benefit the local community butt the huge international companies like hotels. Depending on tourism as a major source of income for the Clipper Bay is dangerous as it can adversely be affected by events such as natural disasters, economic recession, and terrorism. Potential socio-cultural advantages and disadvantages According to Simm (2017), tourism leads to the improvement of infrastructure and leisure amenities that are very beneficial to the local economy together with the state. Tourism hence encourages the preservation of the different traditional festivals, customs, as well as handcrafts that often leads to a civic pride for the community. For instance, the different traditional fishing methods can be used by tourists as a sporting activity. The interaction between the guests and the Singapore citizens in Clipper Bay will lead to the creation of a batter cultural understanding and exchange hence leading to the growth of the cultural knowledge between the involved parties. In some circumstance, it will also help in raising global awareness on different issues affecting the community such as human right abuse, environmental conservation, and stewardship, poverty, etc. Tourism in the area will also lead to the richness in different entertainment such as traditional cultural songs and traditio nal products. Despite the many advantages the host community can enjoy as a result of tourism and the related developments, August (2017) denotes that the visitors often have a detrimental effect on the nature and lifestyle of the host community. For instance, alcohol and drugs problems, prostitution, increased crimes levels, as well as crowding and congestion, are often related to tourism where the local community is trying to copy the lifestyle of the visitors. In some cases, Simm (2017) also denotes that tourism can as well lead to the infringing of human rights where locals can be displaced from their areas of settlements to create space for other developmental projects related to tourism in the area such as new hotels. In some cases, the interaction of the locals with the tourists can as well lead to the erosion of traditional values and cultures. Potential environmental advantages and disadvantages of the revitalization process Nature and Ecotourism are often related to helping in the promotion of conservation of wildlife as well as other natural resources such as rainforests as denotes by Simm (2016) who considers such amenities as tourism assets. With the tourism in the area, there will be funds allocated by the local government to ensure environmental conservation projects such as the development of marine parks and the maintenance of the Przewalkiskis red horse among other endangered species that can be reared and bred in the area. By creating alternative sources of income, tourism in Clipper Bay will help in reducing environmental challenges such as over-fishing as the fishermen will have another source of livelihood they can resort to during low fishing seasons. The construction of a railroad will require the use of heavy and sophisticated machines and technological devices that offer a threat to the environment. These heavy machines can lead to the destruction of the heritages sites in the bay, water supply, beaches and coral reefs mainly used as breeding grounds by seas animals such as crabs (Giovince, 2016). The resulting effect is the loss of bio-diversity as other organisms will as well be displaced from their breeding grounds and nests. The process of construction is as well likely to result in cases of increased pollution through littering, traffic emissions, noise, and sewage production that will negatively affect the environment. Conclusion Tourism can affect a community in several ways by bringing many social, environmental, cultural, and economic benefits mainly in developing countries and rural areas. However, the long-term benefits of the revitalization of tourism can only be beneficial when the industry projects are sustained and properly managed. A strategic management does not only ensure long-term benefits to the local community and the state but as well prevent the potential negative effects on the host and the environment and not permit the possible disadvantages to outweigh the advantages. References August, M. (2016). Revitalisation gone wrong: Mixed-income public housing redevelopment in Torontos Don Mount Court.Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.),53(16), 3405-3422. doi:10.1177/0042098015613207 Bassett, S. T. (2017). Towards a unified economic revitalisation model: Leadership, amenities, and the bargaining model.Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.),54(4), 917-930. doi:10.1177/0042098015614482 Dinu, R. N., Popovici, N. (2016). Tourism-Environment Impact Relationship on the Romanian Black Sea Coast.Ovidius University Annals, Series Economic Sciences,16(2), 143-147. FGR Architects (2017). 36 Clipper Bay Home, Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/96431/36-clipper-bay-home-fgr-architects Giovince, M (2010). Revitalization and counter?revitalization: tourism, heritage, and theLantern Festivalas catalysts for regeneration in H?i An, Vi?t Nam, Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19407960903204364?scroll=topneedAccess=true Graziano, T. t., Nicosia, E. (2014). Creativity as a tool of local empowerment and socio-cultural revitalization: a study of a peripheral neighbourhood in Catania.Il Capitale Culturale Studies On The Value Of Cultural Heritage,10547-568. Jansen, H., Roost, F. (2017). Post-suburban revitalization? Redevelopment of suburban business centres in the Frankfurt/Rhine-Main region.Journal Of Urban Design,22(2), 249-272. doi:10.1080/13574809.2016.1261627 Liu, J. j. (2011). China's higher education expansion and the task of economic revitalization.Higher Education,62(2), 213-229. Pechlaner, H. (2017). Innovation, sustainable tourism and environments in mountain destination development: a comparative analysis of Austria, Slovenia and Switzerland.Journal Of Sustainable Tourism,25(4), 489-504. doi:10.1080/09669582.2016.1223086 Simm, C (2016). Positive and Negative Effects of Tourism, Retrieved from https://traveltips.usatoday.com/positive-negative-effects-tourism-63336.html Vassar, P., Havice, P. A., Havice, W. L., Brookover, R. (2015). The Impact of Lecture Capture Presentations in a Distributed Learning Environment in Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management.Schole: A Journal Of Leisure Studies Recreation Education,30(1), 1-11. Vehb?, B. O., Doratli, N. (2010). Assessing the Impact of Tourism on the Physical Environment of a Small Coastal Town: Girne, Northern Cyprus.European Planning Studies,18(9), 1485-1505. doi:10.1080/09654313.2010.492587 ZA Architects (2016). Tourism Revitalization and Development, Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/179220/tourism-revitalization-and-development-za-architects#_=_

Report on Overpopulation and Aspects of Design

Introduction Overpopulation refers to stretching in terms of size and capacity due to limited resources and space. Overpopulation occurs as a result of high population densities. High population densities occur when the ratio of people to the size of land is not equal. High population densities are as a result of high birth rates which lead to pressure on available resources (Newman 2008).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Report on Overpopulation and Aspects of Design specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Existing resources can only satisfy sufficiently a certain number of people and once the population explodes, social issues arise. These include poor sanitation, poor housing and increased poverty. Overpopulation is a major challenge in developing countries where people have continuously exceeded the normal size. This has led to pressure on space and land. Solutions to Overpopulation Land is a fixed resource therefor e innovative ways need to be devised to use it. Several options are available to tackle overpopulation including economic, technical and social options like conservation, recycling, population controls through government legislation, educating people, and use of new technologies offered by art, engineering and architecture. Countries may implement measures to reduce birth rates or offer options to control putting up of buildings (Brym Lie 2007, Newman 2008). It is important to understand the root cause of overpopulation, which is scarce space. This means that if space is used efficiently, the problem of overpopulation can be greatly reduced. One angle is applying innovation in how buildings are designed and erected to utilize little space. Several architectural designs and drawings have been advanced by different experts in design and building of houses (Fawcett 2003). Independent research My independent research covered hexagonal housing units often refered to as vertical cities. Emergence of vertical cities Based on my independent research, development of housing and commercial units ‘horizontally’ tends to use up more space. As a result, developments by a Malaysian architect, Tay Wee, propose the design of ‘vertical cities’ which are made up of hexagonal housing units that offer a solution to the problem of overpopulation mostly experienced in Asian cities where population has exceeded the space available (Bernick, K 2010). This development supports the idea that as population continues to burst; more units can be added to the facility or structure to accommodate the ever increasing population. It is termed as a â€Å"plug-in development† which borrows heavily from Le Corbusie’s theory, a French architect, who made advanced developments in architectural styles and emphasized the idea that â€Å"a house is a machine for living†( Bernick, K 2010).Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see i f we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this proposed model, the city authorities own the building. They build it upon consideration of aspects like costs, accessibility, durability, ability to withstand tension, materials for construction and usability. Upon the erection of the original structure, more hexagonal units can be â€Å"plugged in† to the initial structure to accommodate new and upcoming families who want to settle down into homes (Bernick, K 2010). When putting up the initial structure, arrangements should be made to accommodate recreational needs and facilities hence these areas maybe left as open spaces. The fascinating thing with this design is the ease of dismantling which implies that it promotes mobility hence it can be moved to another upcoming area in the event of pressures of population or growth of new cities which present better options for settlement of population. The design of the building assumes that the structu re will have a longer and sustainable life as compared to the degrading city and surroundings. This can be particularly applied in developing countries where better building solutions like ‘vertical cities’ have not been employed as this considers the fact that land is a scarce resource (Bernick, K 2010). Aspects of design Aspects of design refer to the elements that are considered to promote symmetry in the successful implementation of different architectural styles. These aspects revolve around shape, material, cost, accessibility, usability, effectiveness and durability. Design involves conceiving in the mind sketches and plans to be executed or constructed (Downton 2003). Based on the idea of vertical cities, aspects of design are equally taken into consideration and are discussed below. Usability In this particular case, usability is one of the core aspects. Usability refers to the ease of use and re-use in terms of ability to replicate the concept and make improve ments to it. The idea behind hexagonal units is to â€Å"plug in† new housing units to the existing structure. This implies that the initial structure can be modified vertically depending how well the initial concrete slab was designed to withstand tension in terms of pressure and weight. Usability is brought about by the ability to continuously add more units without exerting pressure on horizontal space due to the fact that vertical space is being used (Gudnason Scherer 2012). Usability is equally brought about in the sense that this model can be replicated in towns experiencing similar overpopulation problems and used to curb the social issue. This idea is supported by the fact that the structure is flexible and can easily be dismantled hence it is very mobile. Accessibility The second aspect of design is accessibility. It refers to the degree in which a product, which in this case is a building, is readily available to as many individuals as possible. Accessibility in th is design can be looked at from an angle of mobility in the sense that in the event of development of new cities, the structure can be moved to new found areas. People are not restricted to their initial areas of settlement.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Report on Overpopulation and Aspects of Design specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cost Cost refers to the monetary or non-monetary investment that is used in development of something (Levitt Bernstein 2010). This design saves costs in terms of time due to the option of plugging in† of hexagonal units. One does not have to undergo the problem of setting up initial structures. This style significantly reduces financial cost. This is in terms of acquiring of new space or land to put up more units. The style makes use of vertical space to accommodate new or upcoming units. The initial cost of setting up the concrete slab might be costly hence care must be ta ken to ensure that durability and strength of the structure is not compromised as a result of concentrating on cost-cutting measures. Conclusion The overpopulation problem poses a major strain to many resources which include land and social amenities. Several options are available to tackle the ever increasing problem of population pressure. Architecture has presented several styles in design that if employed can greatly manage the overpopulation problems as indicated above. Different advancements have been laid out that can be used in countries experiencing this social issue to ease congestion and over reliance on land as a fixed resource. It is important to appreciate the fact that architecture and engineering could provide several options that can be employed by countries experiencing overpopulation problems. References Bernick, K (2010), Plug your hexagonal house into this vertical city. Web. Gudnason, G Scherer, R. J (2012), E-Work and E-Business in Architecture, Engineering a nd Construction. CRC Press,United Kingdom. Brym, R.J Lie, J (2007), Sociology: Your Compass for a New World. Cengage Learning Inc, USA.Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Downton, P(2003), Design Research. RMIT, Australia. Fawcett, P (2003), Architecture Design Notebook. Elsevier Science, USA. Levitt, D Bernstein, L (2010), The Housing Design Handbook: A guide to Good Practice. Routlege, USA. Newman, D (2008), Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life. Pine Forge Press, USA. This report on Report on Overpopulation and Aspects of Design was written and submitted by user Finn Shaw to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Finagle a Bagel Marketing Mix Essays

Finagle a Bagel Marketing Mix Essays Finagle a Bagel Marketing Mix Essay Finagle a Bagel Marketing Mix Essay Suburban stores are totally different. You really have to have an owner/ operator mentality. You have to be mature and you have to be able to run the business like its your own business. What we always try and convey or sell to people who might join our company is, If you want to be a franchisee but dont have the capital, if you want to own your own business, were goanna put you in business. You dont have to give us any money to do that. And if you can get over a certain level of sales or profits, well start splitting the bottom line with you in some sort of bonus program. My name is Nick Cochran, Im a general manager and I work in Waylaid location, which is in Waylaid, Massachusetts. Im 23, and ah which is pretty young. I started off when I was even younger actually, 15 and a half. Started off working for Burgesss Bagels, making bagels and I started out there as a sandwich person and moved up to cashier and kept learning, wanted to be a baker, wanted to be a manager, Ana I name up Walt a isnt-supervisor position. I think being younger, as a manager, in Finagle a Bagel truly helps me because it gives me the stamina and power to work long days. The title is Store manager/ : Partner of your specific location. And the only difficult thing sometimes is trying to empower people who are much older than me. We have a we call it an Incentive Compensation Bonus Plan, ICC Plan. The base-salary for general managers generally starts off in a company with $35,000. And as you go through time you would get certain raises, and we actually have a salary cap in the company where no general manager can make over $42,000 in a particular year for a base-salary. What will however change as you time accrues with the company is your percentage in that Incentive Compensation Plan. Thank you very much. Its goanna be number 72 at the end, okay? (male #5) I strive more for my managers to bonus than for me to bonus. Its important that they bonus because it shows individual Goals and individual stores doing well. Lets say your monthly salary was $4,000, you could get 30% of that which would be $1200 in a bonus if you were to meet your expectations. As time grows on with the company, your bonus could be at 80% of your $4,000. (Tony Premier) I fight for my managers to bonus, because if they bonus it Just means that, you know, theyre goanna look at that check and theyre goanna say, Damn, I did well this month. And whatever I did this month, I have to repeat next month and I Just have to do a little bit better and Ill get a bigger check. And so, you know, I feed off of them, you know? I mean I feed off their happiness. I feed off of their Job well done. When I do bonus, you know, its a win-win. I mean its a win-win for everybody, its a win-win for Finagle, its a win-win for me, its a win-win for my stores because in the end were all trying to accomplish something which is to grow this company and we all want to grow as individuals as well. Cochran) I think its a good way, in essence, because youre not paying the people ho sit around and do nothing. But rather, youre paying the people that who have A. ) been with the company for a while, and B. ) go out and work hard to get in that them extra customers and take time to make sure that the actual profits are coming through in order so they get a share of the business. (Trust) Nick Cochran is a manager, came to us as an assistant manager, he p icked up on the passion and the direction of the company very quickly. And he is one of our most successful managers and his ability to understand the level of customer service thats required in a community like Waylaid, or any suburban community or affluent immunity is phenomenal. And he has done wonders for our business there. He is adored by the town. He gets invited out to dinner by the customers. (Paulo Premier) Im from Portugal, a little country in Northern Europe. I came to the unlace states In / came In as a young 10 1 1, trying to 00 Engels as second language, an intensive course of English for six months. I liked it and Ive been here since. Trust) Paulo is a businessman. He really understands how to run a business and his greatest talent is taking a store that is struggling for whatever reason, and turning it around, making it very, very efficient. His sandwich makers know what to do. His cashiers know how to handle people. People know where to be. He could walk into a store and in three months he can take a store that isnt making the kind of money it should make, or moving the people that it should be moving through and he can turn it around by Just getting people to tow the line, if you will. Tony Premier) Its all about motivation, its all about how you treat people. This is a people-business and you know our people and the people we serve every day. Were not goanna abandon people because they run into issues, either personal or professional. I mean, we like to give people second chances and we like to work with people. You know, we want people to feel like theyre welcome here and want to work for us. We dont want to force anybody to stay here, we want them to stay on their own. But we want to make an open-door policy and we want to have people be successful. Cause their success is again, is our success. You know, the better they do, the better we do. I think luckily and maybe with a little experience, Ive always been able to have a good eye to be enabled to hire good people. I sit down with someone, I talk to them for maybe 20 minutes-half hour, Where have you worked before? How long you worked there? How do you feel about working with people? You know, What kind of experience do you have? And that sort of thing. My philosophy is, you know, youre pretty much goanna tell me how much youre worth. You work for me for a few days, and if you like the Job and if I like your work, then well go from there. But pretty much every person makes his own salary, you know, you tell me how much youre goanna be worth over a period of maybe five, six days. Pretty much thats all the time that I need to see if a person is goanna be worth the trouble or not. And so we go from there. My name is Washington Ramose, Ive been working for the company for four years. My job really is I hire, I fire. Take care of ordering and my direct boss is Tony. Hes mostly here to help out on the things that we need, like say, if Im short people and I cant find anybody I can call him, hell try to get people from other stores. Or if I messed up on an order of food or whatever I need and I cant get out to get it, I can give him a call, hell get it for me. You know, once in a while he can give us a raise. Every one of these stores we have a sign, a Help Wanted sign. So people come in and we always get them to fill out an application so we always have applications. Because in this business, you know, its in-and-out, a lot of times, you know, especially ten rotenone. Especially ten part-timers. Nine Tulle-tellers are usually teen to nag to them, they stay longer. We actually have a very good training program within the company. Like if I hire somebody, I dont actually train them here. We have a couple trainers that will train them for a while, will teach them the whole routine, go through our book, what the company wants and what the company likes as far as the way the uniform looks and the way they treat the customers, and, you know, our rules. For every single full-time new hire they have a grace period, they have to wait six months in order to have health or dental benefits. Finagle a Bagel offers a tuition reimbursement for managers or other employees but they have to submit the course description to our HRS department, Heather Robertson, our director, she will look at and determine if that course is something that will benefit Finagle a Bagel. (female #4) In the last few months weve placed a few ads for people to Join the marketing apartment here and one of the requirements that we post in the ad itself is you must love bagels. And thats really how I weed out the resumes. If they say anything about bagels, I put it in the To be considered pile. If they do not mention a love of bagels, then it goes in the other pile. (Trust) We have a very diverse culture here. Boston has a lot of ethnic groups. We have people from Cape Verve, from Brazil, from Dominican Republic, from El Salvador, Chile, all the Latin nations. We have Americans, we have Europeans, men and women at all levels of the organization. The executive group is made up of an equal number of men and women which were very proud of. H, my names Implied Rosa. I work in Finagle a Bagel for six years and I work in a cashier, and Im from Dominican Republic. I feel so happy for working here with everybody, my friends, the customers, Im so happy. (Trust) English is not the first language of many of the people who work in the stores and some customers find it Frustrating to communicate. The ability to speak more than one language, in this company, is important because our workforce, and you know, most of the people that apply for work are either current immigrants or friends f people that Just came in. I mean, they all have a connection and they dont speak English that well and they need an opportunity. In my Job, as well as most of our managers, most of our managers speak both Portuguese and English and Spanish. Its important for us to be able to communicate with them cause that way we can address their needs. We try very hard to encourage our employees to only speak English to the customer. Some people find that to be a little harsh, but every sandwich, every salad is built to order, so theres a lot of communication between the customers and the cashiers, the customers and the sandwich makers, customers and the managers and the expectation is that everybody will communicate in English. We are very proud of those individuals who have come to this country and have worked very hard to get enema Ana weve treble to Nell teen. We nave several employees won we sponsored them to get their green cards. We in turn, get a dedicated employee and somebody who we know that understands the passion and the desire that we have for the company to be successful. And once we get them on board, people dont leave our company, they Just stay. They legalize that it can be a career for them, they may come to us as a college student thinking to earn a little extra money in between classes, maybe to pay a bill or two, but they come on board, they get excited about what theyre doing and they stay. And I think the size of our company has made a big difference in retaining people, its really unusual to have one-on-one interaction on a daily basis with the president of the company or any senior executive member of the company. We have tons of people that have been here-been with us for a long time.

Essential Standardized Test Taking Tips for Parents

Essential Standardized Test Taking Tips for Parents Standardized testing will be a significant part of your childs education typically beginning in 3rd grade.   These tests are crucial not only to you and your child, but also to the teachers, administrators, and school your child attends. The stakes can be extremely high for schools as they are given a grade based on how well students perform on these assessments.   In addition, many states utilize standardized test scores as a component of a teachers overall evaluation. Finally, many states have stakes tied to these assessments for students including grade promotion, graduation requirements, and the ability to receive their drivers license. These test-taking tips can be followed to assist your child to perform well on the test. Discussing the importance of these tests with your child will push them to do their best and following these tips can aid in their performance. Reassure your child that he or she does not have to answer all the questions correctly to pass. It is not expected that students answer every question correctly.   There is always room for error. Knowing that they do not have to be perfect will help eliminate some of the stress that comes with testing.Tell your child to attempt to answer all of the questions and not to leave any blank. There is no penalty for guessing, and students can get partial credit on the open-ended items.   Teach them to eliminate ones that they know are wrong first because it gives them a higher chance of getting the correct answer if they are forced to guess.Remind your child that the test is important.   It sounds simple, but many parents fail to reiterate this. Most children will put forth their best effort when they know   it is important to their parents.Explain to your child the importance of using time wisely. If your child gets stuck on a question, encourage him or her to make the best guess o r place a mark in the test booklet by that item and go back to it after finishing that section of the test. Students must not spend too much time on a single question. Give your best attempt and move on. Ensure that your child gets a decent nights sleep and a good breakfast before taking the test. These are essential to how your child performs. You want them to be at their best. Failing to get a good nights rest or good breakfast can cause them to lose focus quickly.Make the morning of the test a pleasant one. Do not add to your childs stress.   Do not argue with your child or bring up a touchy subject. Instead, try to do extra things that make them laugh, smile, and relax.Get your child to school on time the day of the test.   Give yourself extra time to get to school that morning. Getting them there late will not only throw off their routine, but it could also disrupt testing for other students.  Remind your child to listen carefully to the instructions from the teacher and to read the directions and each question carefully.   Encourage them to read every passage and every question at least two times. Teach them to slow down, trust their instincts, and give their best effor t.Encourage your child to stay focused on the test, even if other students finish early.   It is human nature to want to speed up when others around you are already finished. Teach your child to start strong, stay focused in the middle, and finish just as strong as you started. Many students hijack their scores because they lose focus on the bottom third of the test. Remind your child that it is okay to mark in the test booklet as a help in taking the test   (i.e. underlining key words) but to mark all answers as instructed on the answer sheet.   Teach them to stay within the circle and to erase any stray marks completely.

Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Motivation - Essay Example Most of these theories build on the work of Abraham Maslow conducted in the 1940's. His studies into human personality included attempts to understand motivation. He organized a list of five levels of motivation in order of importance from physiological through safety, love, and esteem to the top level of self-actualization. At the physiological level, people are concerned with obtaining their physical needs - food, air, water, and shelter. At the safety level, the concern shifts to protecting and supporting the family. While love can refer to the kind of romantic relationship most people think when they see the work, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs model it refers to the need to be accepted as a member of a group. Esteem and self-actualization may seem like the same thing, but esteem refers to having a sense of self-respect while self-actualization refers to the development of wisdom (Maslow, 1987). â€Å"Maslow’s ultimate conclusion that the highest levels of self-actualizat ion are transcendent in their nature may be one of his most important contributions to the study of human behavior and motivation† (Daniels, cited in Huitt, 2004). In most illustrations of this model, the various stages are represented as individual steps on a pyramid of possibility with physical needs at the base and self-actualization at the peak. The reason for this depiction is due to Maslow's belief that all of the elements in one level must be achieved before the individual can move on to the next level. It is important to have this history, because it forms the base upon which or against which later theorist worked. Working in the late 1950's and 1960's, Frederick Herzberg built his two-factor theory from Maslow's model trying to learn new ways to motivate employees. He discovered that employees were not motivated just by having their low-level needs met and suggested employers who wanted to improve performance should work to also address high-level motivators. â€Å"M otivator or intrinsic factors, such as achievement and recognition, produce job satisfaction. Hygiene or extrinsic factors, such as pay and job security, produce job dissatisfaction† (Herzberg, Mausner & Snyderman, 1959). Although he renamed and grouped the levels into hygiene and motivator macro-levels, the same basic levels from Maslow can be discovered within as physiology and safety needs become hygiene and esteem and self-actualization become motivators. Organizations employing Herzberg's theory understand pay increases, bonuses, and other inducements related to the job intended to satisfy low-level needs will not motivate workers. Instead, just focusing on meeting these needs tends to encourage employees to seek employment elsewhere. Organisations such as Tesco base their operations on this theory, giving employees a chance to participate in decision-making, holding forums to gain employee input, and encouraging strong organisation-wide communication. These are all strat egies designed to meet high-level needs such as belonging, esteem,

Risk managments strategy of applaying open stack system Essay

Risk managments strategy of applaying open stack system - Essay Example t an open source cloud computing solution that is built on precise components such as storage and network components that are integrated with each other to make a complete open source cloud computing solution. Accordingly, the source code is shared with the vendors as well as the development team. Consequently, the usability of Open stack can lead to unpredictable risks. Organization try to mitigate the risks associated with this unpredictable environment may create new risks by exposing the cloud on the Internet instead of utilizing an industry compliant standardized solution. The complex customization and flexibility of opens tack that can be specific to an organization may lead to a conflict with the external open stack infrastructure. Therefore, the internal and external semantics of the cloud infrastructure is hybrid (Mears, J. 2007). Likewise, there is a risk of implementing changes on the open stack without performing impact analysis due to informal change management process. For instance, a patch needs to be deployed on the open stack and testing is required before implementation. The IT department will test the patch and attach the results in the change management form with formal approvals. After the approvals, the patch can be deployed only if the test results are all correct. Similarly, patch management for open stack can also lead to vulnerabilities that can be exploited any time. For mitigation, effective patch management process needs to be in place for testing and applying patched in the production environment. The same change management process can be adopted for patch management. However for tracking end of life and end of service for information technology assets, an asset register is require for keeping track. Ideally, an IT asset coordinator is a key person who performs these tasks (KLEPS 2015). After establishing an asset register, all the assets are now identified and ready for risk assessment. In the first step, the confidentiality,

Railway Station Essay Example for Free

Railway Station Essay The stench of boiling coffee wafted around the deserted railway station, there were flutters of pigeons scuffling around, scrounging all the left over nibbles that had been left on the floor by the commuters from the evening before. It was dawn and as the sun was rising, so was a brisk wind that every now and then swarmed through the dark station whisking away severely crumpled newspapers that on their round, the cleaners had missed with the dust pan and brush earlier that morning. The hustle and bustle of the ordinary public hurled its way into the calm, collected station. Information boards began to rustle and the sounds of trains departed from what was now like another world, the smelly crammed station that had lost all its sense of dignity was now ready and waiting for what the day had in store. When people boarded the train that was due to take them to their destination it was like they had no concept of what was going on around them, completely oblivious to all the other passengers. Newspapers went up in the hot and clustered train compartment and people tucked themselves away in them for the duration of their journey even if they had already read it all, they would do anything to avoid the eye of a fellow commuter. The old escalators whined as they continually roamed up, and then back down again, as they carry frustrated, dizzy passengers who are always having to hurry around, never having anytime to stop on there busy, rushed route to work. Along one of the hard, cold walls a man sat there still, with his dog as a companion, eagerly anticipating the kind passer by, who frequently would be able to spare a moment of their time to drop in a few valuable Pennines. A warm, soft smell filled the right hand side of the station. The shoe polish from the repair stand that made everyone tilt there heads towards as the brushed by. Every now and then a well groomed business man popped in and had his shoes polished, before returning to his recurring hassle of his job. Throughout the chilled station a repeated yell took place every so often, coming from the four newspaper stalls, which echoed all around the station, Standard, come and get ya standard. The friendly face that occurred in the same place, at the same time, every day of the working year. Desperate to sell the days loads of papers to the commuters passing through the station. The stench of boiling coffee wafted around the deserted railway station, there were flutters of pigeons scuffling around, scrounging all the left over nibbles that had been left on the floor by the commuters from the evening before. It was dawn and as the sun was rising, so was a brisk wind that every now and then swarmed through the dark station whisking away severely crumpled newspapers that on their round, the cleaners had missed with the dust pan and brush earlier that morning.

Suffering and Salvation in Dostoevskys The Brothers Karamazov Essays

Suffering and Salvation in Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov  Ã‚   Condemned to be shot by a firing squad for radical ideas, the author of The Brothers Karamazov once found himself seconds away from death, only to be granted a reprieve moments before the firing. Although only a method intended to teach him a lesson, the trick had quite a harrowing effect on Dostoevsky. After his close encounter with death, Dostoevsky underwent a total change, and so all of his new notions became a part of "The Brothers Karamazov", which he wrote at the end of his life. For example, once he reexamined his values he began to reject the blindly accepted Russian beliefs. Spiritually, he altered so much that he emerged with the prophetic belief that the world's salvation relied upon the people of Russia. He believed Russia would dominate the world and thus felt that her children needed to be harbored with this theory. Also, he began to develop theories about the role of suffering as man's sole means of salvation. All of these beliefs, through either characters or events, are reflected in this 19th century classic. Even before this firing squad incident, when his father was slaughtered by serfs, Dostoevsky was haunted by and obsessed with the idea of death, which became the subject of all his novels, including his masterpiece, "The Brothers Karamazov". From the first page of the novel, Fyodor is presented as a vulgar beast, which dissolves any sympathy for him when he is murdered. Although the father of Dmitri, Ivan, and Alyosha, he is a true father to neither of them; in fact, the only person to whom he is any sort of parental figure is his bastard son Smerdyakov. Dmitri, the fierce sensualist, is an impulsive man who quarrels with Fyodor reg... ...inty, and so the strength of his beliefs is doubled, perhaps even tripled. Like the personalities of "The Brothers Karamazov", the characters of any well-written piece become extremely significant to the reader. In that case, it becomes vital for the reader to know the fates of these characters, who are known almost intimately, and their destinies[1] are highly anticipated. In "The Brothers Karamazov", the reader wants to know, for example, if Ivan will ever answer his questions, how Alyosha will lead his life, and if Dmitri will be convicted for a crime he didn't commit. By having these fates determined through cognitive events, these occurrences become some of the most memorable of Dostoevsky's novel, which itself becomes psychoanalogical. Thus, "The Brothers Karamazov" has become one of the greatest novels ever written and a true psychological masterpiece.

A comedy then is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order and normally symbolised by marriage?

‘A comedy then is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order and normally symbolised by marriage. ‘ How far would you agree with this statement when looking at Act 5 in ‘Twelfth Night'? Shakespeare's comedy ‘Twelfth Night' is mainly comedic due to the dramatic irony which is consistent throughout the play due to Viola, Sebastian's twin, pretending to be a man named Cesario. This is evident in Act 1 Scene 4 when Orsino is praising Cesario for how much of a woman ‘he' looks.‘Diana's lip/Is not more smooth and rubious' would be highly entertaining to the Shakespearean audience as they would be completely aware that Cesario was in fact a girl, and therefore would obviously have a smooth lip. This would be even more dramatic to the Shakespearean audience due to the fact that at that time only men were permitted to act. This was one of the problems created within the play as Viola constantly had to hide her true identity.This therefore suppo rts the idea that ‘a comedy then is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order' particularly when looking at Act 5 as this is when the rest of the characters find out Viola's true identity when she says ‘that I am Viola' and that she ‘hath been between this lady and this lord'. It also supports that the resolution is often ‘symbolised by marriage' as Viola goes on to marry Orsino. The marriage of Orsino and Viola also resolved another issue within the play- Orsino's unrequited love for Olivia.We were first made clear of this love in Act 1 Scene 2 when the captain explained that ‘he did seek the love of fair Olivia'. As well as this, in Act 2 Scene 4 we hear from Orsino himself that his love for Olivia is ‘more noble than the world' portraying the idea that his love is true, and not just due to her status or wealth, however Olivia claims ‘I think not of him' due to the fact that she is in love with Cesario. Despite this love that Orsino has for Olivia, he quickly directs that love to Viola in Act 5 when he asks Viola ‘give me thy hand ‘.Throughout the play it is often made clear that Olivia is in love with Orsino, for instance when he asks her to declare his love for Olivia, Viola replies ‘whoe'er I woo, myself would be his wife' but due to her masked identity is unable to confess resulting in their marriage resolving her unconfessed love for Orsino as well as his unrequited love towards Olivia. Furthermore, the separation of the twins is a major issue that needed to be solved in ‘Twelfth Night' being the root also of Viola's hidden identity.During the entire play the audience are aware that Sebastian is alive and therefore great suspense is created as to when Viola is going to find out, which again, is Act 5. Viola claims that her ‘father had a mole upon his brow', Sebastian's response of ‘and so had mine' made clear to both of the twins that they were in fact related, a s proven by this intimate fact. This certainly was a problem resolved, however in disagreement to the given statement indicating that resolutions to problems were ‘normally symbolised by marriage' the uniting of the twins was not symbolised by marriage in Act 5.When discussing the topic of unrequited love within ‘Twelfth Night' it is also necessary to mention the love that Olivia has for Cesario, Malvolio for Olivia as well as the hinted homosxual admiration that Antonio has for Sebastian. Out of these three, only one of these cases are resolved, that being Olivia's love. ‘Even so quickly may one catch the plague? ‘, this quotation from Act 1 Scene 5 portrays how quickly Olivia fell in love with Cesario.The use of ‘plague' being a quickly spread disease reinforces this idea of speed and unwillingness the love for him was due to his lower status. Due to Cesario actually being Viola, they could never be together as homosexuality wasn't accepted in that er a. However, Olivia's marriage to Sebastian provides her with the resolved, happy ending symbolised by marriage. In addition to the issues that have already been discussed, Sir Toby is a heavy burden to Olivia throughout the play and it is clear he is using her for her money and lifestyle.Despite Sir Toby being a knight, he is still a rather corrupt individual. His drinking habits are made clear multiple times in the play, one instance of this is in Act 1 Scene 3, Sir Toby says ‘I’ll drink to her as long as there’s a hole in my throat and booze in Illyria' in reference to Olivia. Not only is he a burden to Olivia, the only reason he continues his â€Å"friendship† with Sir Andrew Aquecheek is to gull him out of his money. The fact that he can tease Sir Andrew is only his second purposeof him, the first being his money in order to be able to continue his drinking habits. This is another problem resolved in Act 5, also symbolised by marriage, as he leaves Ill yria to wed Maria who had been well suited throughout the play due to their lack of morals shown in their sinister behaviour towards Malvolio. Sir Andrew Aguecheek is another character who loves Olivia, and unfortunately is one who is left at a loss at the end of the play.This therefore indicates that a comedy isn't a ‘problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order' as throughout the play we laugh at Sir Andrew Aguecheek as he is merely a foolish man, who is easily gulled by Sir Toby, and obliviously at that. Another reason why we laugh at him is due to the fact that he loves Olivia, for he is foolish to believe that such a woman of high status would consider Sir Andrew. He is also a coward throughout the play which adds to the comedy in the play, for instance when he is tricked into fighting Cesario.Sir Toby sums up Sir Andrew in Act 5 as ‘an ass-head, and a coxcomb, and a knave; a thin-faced knave, a gull'. This, arguably, may have been harsh however portrays th at Sir Andrew was left alone with no progression in his life apart from a possible realisation that he has been used by Sir Toby and stands no chance with Olivia. In conclusion, I would agree with the idea that ‘a comedy is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order and normally symbolised by marriage' in Act 5 as majority of the problems caused within ‘Twelfth Night', particularly the major ones, were solved, and symbolised by marriage.At the end of the play; Olivia was married to Sebastian who was happy to be with her in return; Viola was with the man that she loved, Orsino, who supposedly loved her back and was therefore no longer longing for Olivia; Sir Toby had gone off to wed Maria and so was no longer using Sir Andrew or Olivia. Despite characters such as Malvolio, Sir Andrew, Feste and Antonio being left unmarried and also the resolution of the twins being reunited not symbolised by marriage, the main issues which the comedy within the play was based around were resolved by marriage. A comedy then is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order and normally symbolised by marriage? Shakespeare's comedy ‘Twelfth Night' is mainly comedic due to the dramatic irony which is consistent throughout the play due to Viola, Sebastian's twin, pretending to be a man named Cesario. This is evident in Act 1 Scene 4 when Orsino is praising Cesario for how much of a woman ‘he' looks. ‘Diana's lip/Is not more smooth and rubious' would be highly entertaining to the Shakespearean audience as they would be completely aware that Cesario was in fact a girl, and therefore would obviously have a smooth lip. This would be even more dramatic to the Shakespearean audience due to the fact that at that time only men were permitted to act.This was one of the problems created within the play as Viola constantly had to hide her true identity. This therefore supports the idea that ‘a comedy then is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order' particularly when looking at Act 5 as this is when the rest of the characters find out Viola's true identity when she says ‘that I am Viola' and that she ‘hath been between this lady and this lord'. It also supports that the resolution is often ‘symbolised by marriage' as Viola goes on to marry Orsino.The marriage of Orsino and Viola also resolved another issue within the play- Orsino's unrequited love for Olivia. We were first made clear of this love in Act 1 Scene 2 when the captain explained that ‘he did seek the love of fair Olivia'. As well as this, in Act 2 Scene 4 we hear from Orsino himself that his love for Olivia is ‘more noble than the world' portraying the idea that his love is true, and not just due to her status or wealth, however Olivia claims ‘I think not of him' due to the fact that she is in love with Cesario.Despite this love that Orsino has for Olivia, he quickly directs that love to Viola in Act 5 when he asks Viola ‘give me thy hand ‘. Throughout the play it is often made clear that Olivia is in love with Orsino, for instance wh en he asks her to declare his love for Olivia, Viola replies ‘whoe'er I woo, myself would be his wife' but due to her masked identity is unable to confess resulting in their marriage resolving her unconfessed love for Orsino as well as his unrequited love towards Olivia.Furthermore, the separation of the twins is a major issue that needed to be solved in ‘Twelfth Night' being the root also of Viola's hidden identity. During the entire play the audience are aware that Sebastian is alive and therefore great suspense is created as to when Viola is going to find out, which again, is Act 5. Viola claims that her ‘father had a mole upon his brow', Sebastian's response of ‘and so had mine' made clear to both of the twins that they were in fact related, as proven by this intimate fact.This certainly was a problem resolved, however in disagreement to the given statement indicating that resolutions to problems were ‘normally symbolised by marriage' the uniting of the twins was not symbolised by marriage in Act 5. When discussing the topic of unrequited love within ‘Twelfth Night' it is also necessary to mention the love that Olivia has for Cesario, Malvolio for Olivia as well as the hinted homosxual admiration that Antonio has for Sebastian. Out of these three, only one of these cases are resolved, that being Olivia's love.‘Even so quickly may one catch the plague? ‘, this quotation from Act 1 Scene 5 portrays how quickly Olivia fell in love with Cesario. The use of ‘plague' being a quickly spread disease reinforces this idea of speed and unwillingness the love for him was due to his lower status. Due to Cesario actually being Viola, they could never be together as homosexuality wasn't accepted in that era. However, Olivia's marriage to Sebastian provides her with the resolved, happy ending symbolised by marriage.In addition to the issues that have already been discussed, Sir Toby is a heavy burden to Olivia througho ut the play and it is clear he is using her for her money and lifestyle. Despite Sir Toby being a knight, he is still a rather corrupt individual. His drinking habits are made clear multiple times in the play, one instance of this is in Act 1 Scene 3, Sir Toby says ‘I’ll drink to her as long as there’s a hole in my throat and booze in Illyria' in reference to Olivia. Not only is he a burden to Olivia, the only reason he continues his â€Å"friendship† with Sir Andrew Aquecheek is to gull him out of his money.The fact that he can tease Sir Andrew is only his second purpose of him, the first being his money in order to be able to continue his drinking habits. This is another problem resolved in Act 5, also symbolised by marriage, as he leaves Illyria to wed Maria who had been well suited throughout the play due to their lack of morals shown in their sinister behaviour towards Malvolio. Sir Andrew Aguecheek is another character who loves Olivia, and unfortuna tely is one who is left at a loss at the end of the play.This therefore indicates that a comedy isn't a ‘problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order' as throughout the play we laugh at Sir Andrew Aguecheek as he is merely a foolish man, who is easily gulled by Sir Toby, and obliviously at that. Another reason why we laugh at him is due to the fact that he loves Olivia, for he is foolish to believe that such a woman of high status would consider Sir Andrew. He is also a coward throughout the play which adds to the comedy in the play, for instance when he is tricked into fighting Cesario.Sir Toby sums up Sir Andrew in Act 5 as ‘an ass-head, and a coxcomb, and a knave; a thin-faced knave, a gull'. This, arguably, may have been harsh however portrays that Sir Andrew was left alone with no progression in his life apart from a possible realisation that he has been used by Sir Toby and stands no chance with Olivia. In conclusion, I would agree with the idea that †˜a comedy is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order and normally symbolised by marriage' in Act 5 as majority of the problems caused within ‘Twelfth Night', particularly the major ones, were solved, and symbolised by marriage.At the end of the play; Olivia was married to Sebastian who was happy to be with her in return; Viola was with the man that she loved, Orsino, who supposedly loved her back and was therefore no longer longing for Olivia; Sir Toby had gone off to wed Maria and so was no longer using Sir Andrew or Olivia. Despite characters such as Malvolio, Sir Andrew, Feste and Antonio being left unmarried and also the resolution of the twins being reunited not symbolised by marriage, the main issues which the comedy within the play was based around were resolved by marriage.

How to Register Primary Cooperative

Once you have organized your cooperative, your work does not end there. The cooperative now needs a legal personality so that is can do all the acts that a cooperative is supposed to perform. With a legal personality, the cooperative can borrow money, sell its goods and services, deliver goods and enter into all sorts of business transactions. So that your cooperative can do all these, you must register your cooperative.Here is how to do it. WHERE DO YOU REGISTER YOUR COOPERATIVE? The Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) is the only government agency mandated to register all types of cooperatives. Its main office is located at 827 Aurora Boulevard, Service Road, Barangay Immaculate Concepcion, Quezon City . To facilitate the flow of its services, extension offices have been set up.These are located in (a) Dagupan City; (b) Tuguegarao; (c) Baguio City; (d) San Fernando, Pampanga; (e) NCR-Quezon City; (f) Calamba, Laguna; (g) Naga City; (h) Iloilo City; (i) Cebu City (j) Tacloban Ci ty; (k) Zamboanga City; (l) Cagayan de Oro City; (m) Davao City; (n) Kidapawan City; (o) Butuan City; and (p) Cotabato City. WHAT ARE THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTERING A COOPERATIVE? Organizing a cooperative can be complex and simple. It requires an understanding of the basic needs of the prospective cooperative members.It demands patience from the organizer who must make the cooperative’s long-term goals and objectives, and its visions a real part of the members’ lives. But it can be too easy because the Cooperative Code of the Philippines (RA 6938) has devised very clear-cut steps for the cooperative organizer and members. The following are the basic information that the prospective members should understand before organizing a cooperative. a. There are nine (9) steps suggested in setting up a cooperative. FIRST. Get organized. You must have at least 15 members to do that.At once determine the common problems you would want solved and the basic needs you would want provided for through a cooperative. You may want to include increasing your production, marketing your produce, credit assistance, power generation, banking or insurance and other similar needs. Determining your problems and needs will also help you classify the kind of cooperative you will be organizing. Even before a cooperative is set up, a dedicated core group people who will do all the organizational and paper works is a must.From this core group, working communities may be formed to set things moving. These committees may include membership, finance, executive, secretariat to name a few. SECOND. Reserved your proposed cooperative name. Secure and fill up Cooperative Name Reservation Request Form (CNRRF). This must be submitted to CDA Central Office or any of its Extension Office. A reservation fee shall apply. THIRD. Prepare a general statement called an economic survey. Economic Survey is a general statement describing, among others, the structure and purposes of the pr oposed cooperative.The structure and actual staffing pattern shall include a bookkeeper. This should indicate the area of operation, the size of membership and other pertinent data in a format provided by the Authority. FOURTH. Prepare the cooperative’s by-laws. The by-laws contain the rules and regulations governing the operation of the cooperative. FIFTH. Prepare the articles of cooperation. Mandatory contents of the articles of cooperation are the following: (a) the name of the cooperative, which must include the word â€Å"cooperative†; b) the purpose or purposes and scope of business for which the cooperative is to be registered; (c) the term of existence of cooperative; (d) the area of operation and the postal address of its principal office; (e) the names, nationality and the postal addresses of the registrants; (f) the common bond of membership; (g) The list of names of the directors who shall manage the cooperative; and (h) The amount of its share capital, the names and residences of its contributors, and a statement of whether the cooperative is primary, secondary or tertiary.The articles of cooperation shall be signed by each of the organizers and acknowledged by them if natural persons, and by the chairpersons or secretaries, if juridical persons, before a notary public. . (i) Arbitral Clause SIXTH. Secure bond of accountable officer(s). A surety bond should be secured from a duly registered insurance or bonding company. Every director, officer and employee handling funds, securities or property on behalf of the cooperative shall be covered by this.The board of directors shall determine the adequacy of such bonds. SEVENTH. Execute Treasurers Affidavit. A sworn statement of the treasurer elected by the subscribers showing that at least twenty-five per centum (25%) of the authorized share capital has been subscribed, and at least twenty-five per centum (25%) of the total subscription has been paid should be executed and to be attached t o the articles of cooperation. The paid-up share capital shall not be less than Fifteen thousand pesos (P15,000. 0).. EIGHTH. Complete the Pre-Membership Education Seminar (PMES). A prospective member of a primary cooperative must have completed a Pre-Membership Education Seminar (PMES). A Certificate of PMES must be secured from the training provider. NINTH. Register your cooperative with the Cooperative Development Authority (CDA). Submit the following required documents in four (4) copies: Four (4) copies each of the Economic Survey, Articles of Cooperation and By-Laws duly notarized; 1. Economic Survey; 2.Articles of Cooperation and By-Laws; 3. Surety bond of accountable officers; 4. Treasurer's Affidavit; 5. Approved Cooperative Name Reservation Slip; 6. Certificate of PMES; The Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) is the sole government agency mandated to register all types of cooperatives. Its main office is located at 827 Aurora Blvd. , Immaculate Conception, Quezon City. Prospective cooperatives must submit their application to the CDA Extension Office where the principal office of the cooperative is located.The following are the amount of fees to be paid for the registration of cooperatives per CDA per Memorandum Circular 2004-07, Series of 2004: The initial registration fee to be imposed shall be 1/10 of 1% of the authorized share capital or the basic fee below whichever You will need four copies each of the Economic Survey, By-laws and Articles of Cooperation. The article of Cooperative should be duly notarized and accompanied by the following: a. Bonds of the accountable officers (any director, officer and employee) handling funds, securities or properties on behalf of the cooperative.The board of directors determine the amount of bonds required based on the initial net worth which shall include the paid-up capital, membership fees and other assets of the cooperative at the time of registration; and b. Sworn statement of the treasurer duly nota rized showing that at least 25% of the authorized share capital has been subscribed, and at least 25% of the total subscription has been paid. The paid-up capital must not be less than PhP2,000. 00 It must be noted that no member may own more than 20% of the subscribed share capital; and each share must not be less than PhP1. 00. TYPES AND CATEGORIES OF COOPERATIVES 1) Types of Cooperatives. Cooperative may fall under any of the following types: a. Credit Cooperative is one that promotes and undertakes savings and lending services among its members. It generates a common pool of funds in order to provide financial assistance and other related financial services to its members for productive and provident purposes; b. Consumer Cooperative is one the primary purpose which is to procure and distribute commodities to members for productive and provident purposes; c. Producers Cooperative is one that undertakes joint production whether agricultural or industrial.It is formed and operated by its members to undertake the production and processing of raw materials or goods produced by its members into finished or processed products for sale by the cooperative to its members and non-members. Any end product or its derivative arising from the raw materials produced by its members, sold in the name and for the account of the cooperative, shall be deemed a product of the cooperative and its members; d. Marketing Cooperative engages in the supply of production inputs to members and markets their products; e.Service Cooperative is one which engages in medical and dental care, hospitalization, transportation, insurance, housing, labor, electric light and power, communication, professional and other services ; f. Multipurpose Cooperative is one which combines two(2) or more of the business activities of these different types of cooperatives ; g. Advocacy Cooperative is a primary cooperative which promotes and advocates cooperativism among its members and the public through so cially-oriented project, education and training, research and communication, and other similar activities to reach out to its intended beneficiaries; h.Agrarian Reform Cooperative is one organized by marginal farmers majority of which are agrarian reform beneficiaries for the purpose of developing an appropriate system of land tenure, land development, land consolidation or land management in areas covered by agrarian reform; i. Cooperative Bank is one organized for the primary purpose of providing a wide range of financial services to cooperatives and their members; j. Dairy Cooperative is one whose members are engaged in the production of fresh milk which may b processed and/or marketed as dairy products; k.Education Cooperative in one organized for the primary purpose of owning and operating licensed educational institutions, notwithstanding the provisions of Republic Act No. 9155, otherwise known as the Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001; l. Electric Cooperative is one or ganized for the primary purpose of undertaking power generation, utilizing renewable energy sources, including hybrid systems, acquisition and operation of sub transmission or distribution to its household members; m.Financial Service Cooperative is one organized for the primary purpose of engaging in savings credit services and other financial services; n. Fishermen Cooperative is one organized by marginalized fishermen in localities whose products are marketed either as fresh or processed products are marketed either as fresh or processed products; o. Health Services Cooperative is one organized for the primary purpose of providing medical, dental and other health services; p.Housing Cooperative is one organized to assist or provide access to housing for the benefit of its regular members who actively participate in the saving program for housing. It is co-owned and controlled by its members; q. Insurance Cooperative is one engaged in the business f insuring life and property of c ooperatives and their members; r. Transport Cooperative is one which includes land and sea transportation, limited to small vessels, as defined or classified under the Philippine maritime laws, organized under the provisions of this Code; s.Water Service Cooperative is one organized to own, operate and manage water systems for the provision and distribution of portable water for its members and their households; t. Workers Cooperative is one organized by workers, including the self-employed, who are at the same time the members and owners of the enterprise. Its principal purpose is to provide employment and business opportunities to its members and manage it in accordance with cooperative principles; and u. Other types of cooperative as may be determined by the Authority. (2) Categories of Cooperatives.Cooperative shall be categorized according to membership and territorial considerations as follows: (a) In term of membership, cooperative shall be categorized into: (i) Primary. The members of which are natural persons; (ii) Secondary. The members of which are primaries; and (iii) Tertiary. The members of which are secondary cooperatives; and (b) In terms of territory, cooperatives shall be categorized according to areas of operations which may or not coincide with the political subdivisions of the country. HOW MUCH IS THE REGISTRATION FEE?Prospective cooperatives must submit their application to the CDA Extension Office where the principal office of the cooperative is located. The following are the amount of fees to be paid for the registration of cooperatives per CDA per Memorandum Circular 2004-07, Series of 2004:. The initial registration fee to be imposed shall be 1/10 of 1% of the authorized share capital or the basic fee below whichever is higher:. BASIC FEES Primary Cooperatives Php 500. 00 Secondary Cooperatives Php 2,000. 00 Tertiary Cooperatives Php 3,000. 00 Laboratory Cooperatives Php 50. 00 .